1
Q
reduction
A
- LiAlH4 in dry ether (nitrile, aldehyde, ketone, carbox. acid, amide)
- H2, Ni catalyst, high P (alkene, nitrile, aldehyde, ketone)
- Sn, conc. HCl, heat followed by NaOH (aq) (nitrobenzene)
2
Q
oxidation
A
- KMnO4, NaOH (aq), cold (alkene - mild oxidation)
- KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq), heat (alkene - oxidative cleavage, alkyl benzene, alcohol, aldehyde)
- K2Cr2O7, heat w imm dist (1º alcohol)
- K2Cr2O7, heat under reflux (2º alcohol, aldehyde)
3
Q
Br2 (aq)
A
- alkene
- phenol
- phenylamine
4
Q
Br2 (l)
A
- alkene (in CCl4)
- alkyl benzene (w FeBr3/ Fe)
- phenol (in CCl4)
5
Q
HX
A
- HBr (g) (alkene)
- conc. HBr, heat (1/2º alcohol)
- conc. HCl, ZnCl2, heat (1/2º alcohol)
- conc HCl, rt (3º alcohol)
- HCl (aq) (amine)
6
Q
H2SO4
A
- conc. H2SO4 followed by H2O (l), warm (alkene)
- excess conc. H2SO4, heat (1/2º alcohol)
- H2SO4 (aq), heat (nitrile, amide)
7
Q
HNO3
A
- conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, maintained at 55ºC/ 30ºC (benzene/ alkyl benzene)
- HNO3 (aq) (phenol)
- conc HNO3 (phenol)
8
Q
NaOH
A
- NaOH (aq) (phenol, carboxylic acid, acyl chloride)
- NaOH (aq), heat (nitrile, amide, halogenoalkane)
- ethanolic NaOH, heat (halogenoalkane)
9
Q
Na (s)
A
alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid
10
Q
NaCO3/ NaHCO3
A
carboxylic acid
11
Q
PCl5/ PCl3/ SOCl2, heat
A
alcohol, carboxylic acid
12
Q
PBr3/ NaBr w conc. H2SO4
A
alcohol
13
Q
I2
A
- I2, P, heat (alcohol)
- I2, NaOH (aq), heat (alcohol, aldehyde/ketone)
14
Q
NH3
A
- ethanolic NH3, heat in sealed tube (halogenoalkane)
- NH3 (aq) (carboxylic acid)
- NH3 (acyl chloride)
15
Q
KCN
A
- HCN trace KCN (aldehyde/ ketone)
- ethanolic KCN, heat (halogenoalkane)
16
Q
test for aldehyde
A
- 2,4 - DNPH (orange ppt)
- tollens reagent (silver mirror)
- fehlings reagent - only aliphatic aldehyde (brick red ppt)
17
Q
test for ketone
A
2,4 - DNPH
18
Q
neutral FeCl3
A
alcohol, phenol
violet colouration observed
19
Q
friedal crafts alkylation
A
- CH3Cl, AlCl3 (benzene)
20
Q
H2O (l)
A
acyl chloride
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