1
Q
A
alkane
2
Q
A
Alkene
3
Q
A
Alkyne
4
Q
A
Alcohol
5
Q
A
ether
6
Q
A
epoxide
7
Q
A
haloalkane
8
Q
A
aldehyde
9
Q
A
ketone
10
Q
A
carboxylic acid
11
Q
A
acid anhydride
12
Q
A
esther
13
Q
A
amide
14
Q
A
acyl halide
15
Q
A
amine
16
Q
A
nitrile
17
Q
A
imine
18
Q
A
isocyanate
19
Q
A
azo compound
20
Q
A
thiol
21
Q
A
arene
22
Q
What is an amide
A
The molecule has a nitrogen and a carbonyl group (c=o)
23
Q
What is an amine
A
Molecule that has a carbon nitrogen bond
24
Q
Characteristics of organic compounds
A
-bonds covalent
-many are gases, liquids, solids with low melting points
-most insoluble in water
-most soluble in organic solvents
-aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity
-almost all burn/decompose
-usually slow reactions
25
Characteristics of inorganic compounds
-ionic bonds
-high melting points
-most soluble in water
-almost all insoluble in organic solvents
-aqueous solution conduct electricity
-not a lot burn
-fast reactions
26
Properties of a hydroxyl group
-OH
-negatively charged (polar)
Polarity allows it to undergo hydrogen bonding
-hydrophilic (water loving)
-used to link molecules together; makes molecules more water soluble
27
Name 4 classes of hydrocarbons
Alkanes: carbon to carbon single bonds
Alkenes: carbon to carbon double bond
Alkynes: carbon to carbon triple bond
Arenes: one or more benzene like ring; alternating single/double bond in a ring
28
At room temp alkanes containing 1-4 carbons are?
Gas
29
Alkanes containing 5-17 carbons are ___ at room temp?
Colorless liquid
30
Alkanes with 18+ carbons at room temp are?
White and waxy substances
31
What degree is between hydrogens in an alkane?
109.5
32
What is an important physical property of alkanes and Alkenes
-completely lack polarity (non polar)= not soluble in water
-cannot form bonds with water molecules
| think oils
33
____ react with ____ to form dioxide and water
What kind of reaction is that
Alkanes react with oxygen
Called oxidation or combustion
34
Define benzene and arenes
Benzene: hydrocarbons in the shape of a ring
Arenes: contain one or more benzene rings; have odor, usually called aromatics
35
Properties of carboxylic acids
Contains a carboxyl group ( C=O and -OH)
Can act as acids
Strong proton donors
Found in fatty acids
36
Define amino acids
Molecules that contain both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups
37
What two classes contain carbonyl groups (C=O)
Aldehydes and ketones
38
Define an aldehyde
Contains carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen
39
Describe a ketone
Contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons
40
What are local anesthetics classified as
Esters or amides
Depending on the structure of the bond
41
Name the amide local anesthetics
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Articaine
Mepivacaine
Bupivacaine
42
Name the ester local anesthetics
Benzocaine
Cocaine
Procaine
43
Physical properties of ethers
-one oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms
-polar
-weak attraction forces
-inert to most chemical reactions
-good solvent
44
What was the first inhaled anesthetic used for surgery
Diethyl ether
45
Identify this molecule
Isoflurane
46
Identify this molecule
Desflurane
47
Identify this molecule
Sevoflurane
48
what makes up amino acid structure
amino group
carboxyl group
side chain
hydrogen
49
How much ATP is generated with glycolysis?
2
50
Dalton’s law
Law of partial pressures says that the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas in the mixture
51
define glycolysis
process of breaking down glucose
52
define gluconeogenesis
synthesis of new glucose from non carbohydrate precursors (lactate, glycerol, amino acids)
53
define glycogenesis
the creation of glycogen from glucose
54
define glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen back to glucose
55
how many ATP is generated from the Krebs cycle
2 ATP
56
how many ATP is generated from oxidative phosphorylation
32 ATP total (Krebs, and glycolysis included)
57
how much atp is generated by beta oxidation
129 ATP
58
what is the primary energy source for the heart
beta oxidation
59
what does adenine bind to
thymine
60
what does guanine bind to
cytosine
Basics
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