Ocular Supplements

Question 1

Vitamin ____ may impair hepatic acetaminophen metabolism which can lead to toxicity. There is a risk of blood thinning effects

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which ophthalmic Vitamins are important

Answer 2

A, C, E

Question 3

Not taking this vitamin can cause ophthalmoplegia

Answer 3

E

Question 4

There is a platelet inhibition at high doses if taken this vitamin…also risk of prostate cancer, therefore it is recommended to add selenium

Answer 4

E

Question 5

____ soluble forms exhibit the highest bioavailability of VitaminA.

Answer 5

Fat

Question 6

Vitamin A toxicity is associated with ______. There is also a risk of cancer in former smoker and alcoholics taking high dose of Vitamin A

Answer 6

papilledema

Question 7

_____ supports antioxidant enzymes. It is decreased in macular degeneration.

Answer 7

zinc

Question 8

______plays important role in critical enzyme function. It is decreased by excessive Zn ingestion

Answer 8

Copper

Question 9

Lutein and _____ are the most consumed carotenoids in American diets

Answer 9

lycopene

Question 10

____ is a non dietary ocular pigment produced from lutein in the macula following isomerization.

Answer 10

Lutein (mesozeaxanthin)

Question 11

What are the antioxidant pigments?

Answer 11

1. Carotenoids

2. Xanthophylls: Lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 12

Lutein and zeaxanthin are 2 of the naturally occurring pigments found in the human retina giving it an _____/_____ color. They filter harmful blue light

Answer 12

orange/yellow

Question 13

Lutein is found more _____ whereas zeaxanthin is found in the macula lutea

Answer 13

peripherally

Question 14

What does the macuscope measure

Answer 14

macular pigment optical density; if reduced there is a significant risk factor for AMD.

Question 15

What are antioxidant essential fatty acids

Answer 15

1. omega 3 fatty acids

Question 16

There is a bleeding risk with _____ fatty acids.

Answer 16

omega 3

Question 17

Short chain ALA is ____ derived

Answer 17

plant

Question 18

Long chain EPA and DHA are found in eggs, and cold water oily _____

Answer 18

fish

Question 19

what is the bioavailability by formulation of omega fatty acids

Answer 19

trigycleride esters > fish body oil > free fatty acids > ethyl esters

Question 20

which nutrients are helpful for retina

Answer 20

1. zinc
2. vitamin E
3. omega 3 fatty acids
4. vitamin c

Question 21

which nutrients are helpful for macula .

Answer 21

zeaxanthin

Question 22

Macula is fertile ground for:

Answer 22

free radical damage due to its high O2 consumption, hv exposure, cell turnover and phospholipid levels prone to lipid preoccupation.

Question 23

what are risk factors for macular degeneration

Answer 23

1. smoking
2. UV light
3. Poor diet
4. Light eyes
   5 . Aging
5. Family history
6. ethinicity
7. co cormibities: HTN, obesity

Question 24

What are the results of AREDS I

Answer 24

Supplementation reduced the rate of advanced AMD in people at high risk by 25% over 6 years.

Question 25

What was the difference between AREDs 1 and AREDS II

Answer 25

They reduced the zinc intake and eliminated beta carotene. Added lutein and zeaxanthin and omega 3 fatty acids

Question 26

what was the result of AREDS II

Answer 26

Did not reduce the risk of developing AMD. Omega 3 had no effect. Reduced zinc had no effect.

Question 27

what is the macular degeneration supplement summary

Answer 27

1. vitamin C 2. vitamin E 3. zinc 4. copper 5. lutein 6. zeaxanthin

Question 28

There is no research that supplements help with open angle glaucoma. T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Ginkgo biloba ____ blood flow

Answer 29

increases

Question 30

Which supplements are beneficial for cataracts

Answer 30

Vitamin C, E, and Lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 31

T/F Ocular concentrations of Vitamin C are higher than those in blood

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what is not recommended as a supplement for RP

Answer 32

beta carotene

Question 33

What is common in taking large doses of Vitamin A

Answer 33

intracranial hypertension

Question 34

what does vitamin A deficiency result in

Answer 34

xerosis (dry eyes) of the conj and cornea and alopecia of the eyelashes.

Question 35

what is beneficial for drys eyes

Answer 35

omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin A