what studies?
case-control (ie retrospective)
define odds in terms of an equation
having outcome/not having outcome
odds ratio = 1
unexposed and exposed have same odds of developing disease
odds ratio > 1
exposed has higher odds of developing disease than unexposed
odds ratio < 1
exposed has lower odds of developing disease than unexposed .
table: what to watch out for
cases and controls on TOP
exposure on the left
p value: what to watch out for
multiply by 2
95%CI: what to watch out for?
multiply by e^result