2 types of omics
exposed to chemicala dn change by technology
What is genomics?
The study of the entire genome and to some extent epigenetics.
What is GWAS?
Genome Wide Association Studies
used to identify genetic diseases, plant yield,meat quality and more.
How do you do genome sequnecing?
can tell you hwere the genes are altered but not where they are expressed.
A process called Sanger sequencing can be sequenced in 1000bp at a time
Uses deoxynucleotide that stops the sequence
Makes mistakes so needs to be repeated.
Next-Gen sequencing
machines can sequence 13000000000bp overnight with significant cost reduction with better computing power.
Use Myseek illuminance seeker
How does next gen sequencing work?
- prepare genomic DNA sample
- attach DNA to surface
- bridge amplification - special PCR only a small bit is attached to florescent die and can be excited with a laser.
- fragments become double stranded
- denature the double stranded molecules
- complete amplification
- determine the first base
- image first base
- determine second base
10.image second chemistry cycle - sequence reads over multiple chemistry cycles
- align data - strong computing power to align all of them to read the sequence.
What is transcriptomics?
the complete set of RNA molecules produced in a single cell or population of cells
- take muscle biopsies
- extract RNA and convert it to cDNA and sequence on a NGS machine
what is protiomics?
the complete set of proteins produced in a single cell or a population of cells.
we can identify what proteins are present Using a LCMS - liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.
- protein sequence from database/proteins
- theoretical proteolytic peptides/proteolyptic peptides
- theoretical mass spectrum/mass spectrum
- comparison and scoring
- protein candidates
Proteins are often enzymes and can alter metabolite levels.
shrew has a higher metabolic rate than larger animals.
What is metabolomics?
the complete set of low molecular weight compounds in a single cell or population of cells
- muscle biopsy
- extract metabolites and compare them
GC-MS gas chromatography
LC-MS liquid chromatography
how can we apply omics?
we can use it to discover genes linked to diseases.
pharmacogenomics - identify how different people respond to drugs based on their genetics.
hypothetically you could tailor drugs to your genetics but ethics and privacy reasons.
study biological processes like cancer and moles
provides us with necessary platforms for functional analyses of genes and their effects.
