OMIX

Question 1

ChIPseq

Answer 1

• determine where specific protein binds
• proteins bind to DNA and antibodies which are bound to heavy beads bind to the protein
• this is then centrifuged and this protein bound to the DNA segment will be in the pellet
• this DNA is then sequenced and now we know where the protein binds

Question 2

why is transcriptome analysis important

Answer 2

• comparing healthy cells with tumour tissue

- helps develop targeted drugs

Question 3

techniques to study the transcriptome

Answer 3

1. Microarray

2. RNAseq: RNA –> cDNA

Question 4

Sequencing the metagenome

Answer 4

• take sample of environment
• lyse cells
• insert DNA into vectors and into host cells
• sequence

Question 5

Metagenomics application

Answer 5

• obesity
• plant growth (Nitrogen)
• bioremediaton: clean up oil spills
• biotechnology: find new drugs

Question 6

Protein: Permanent modifications

Answer 6

cut protein so it forms disulfide bond

-can attach heme groups, sugar, phospholipids

Question 7

Protein: Reversible modifications

Answer 7

1. Phosphorylation (adding phosphate groups)
2. Acetylation (adding acetyl groups)
3. Methylation (adding methyl groups)
   - eg. methylation of histones, packing histones in DNA

Question 8

Proteomis: 2D Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 8

1st dimension: load cell sample on gel, the proteins travel in the pH gradient
2nd dimension: load tube gel on SDS gen and the proteins are seperated by molecular mass

Question 9

Tandem Mass Spectometry (protein sequencing)

Answer 9

• protein digested into small fragments
• ionization sorts mass-charge ratio
• can arrange them into AA because we know their masses and charges