+
Addition, e.g. 2+2 = 4
-
Subtraction, e.g. 4-2 = 2
/
Division, e.g. 8/4 = 2
*
Multiplication, e.g. 4*8 = 32
Exponentiation: when one number increases exponentially (the number of times) to another. The repeated multiplication of a number by itself, e.g. 2^4 = 16 (222*2 = 16)
MOD
Modulus: The remainder that is left over when a number is divided by another. Some programming languages will use the % symbol for MOD. E.g. 16 MOD 3 = 1 (16/3 = 5, with 1 left over)
DIV
Integer Division: Used to find the quotient (integer number before the decimal point) after division. Python uses // for this. E.g. 100 DIV 3 = 33 (actual value 33.33333333 repeating)