Ophthalmology

Question 1

Optic neuropathy signs

Answer 1

Optic atrophy - pale disc
Loss of visual acuity
Loss of red colour vision - red dyschromatopsia
Central scotoma 
Afferent pupillary defect

Question 2

Causes of optic neuropathy

Answer 2

Demyelination (optic neuritis)
Trauma
Compression - pituitary tumour, meningioma
Ischaemia - diabetes, cranial arteritis
Toxic e.g. methanol, ethambutal (used for TB)
Secondary to papilloedema

Question 3

Causes of papilloedema

Answer 3

Optic neuritis
Raised intracranial pressure due to a tumour
Essential intracranial hypertension
Malignant hypertension
Hypercapnia