Option E Chapter 1

Question 1

the growth of leisure has been facilitated by a number of factors

Answer 1

• a reduction in the length of the working day
• a reduction in the length of the working week
• an increase in wages
• an increase in disposable income
• the growth of leisure activities
• more early retirement
• an increase in self-employment and flexitime
• development in technology which enable people to spend less time on chores, and other developments in technology, such as TV’s and the internet which provide opportunities for leisure.

Question 2

link between income and leisure activities

Answer 2

societies in LIC have less disposable income and therefor less chance of engaging in leisure pursuits

Question 3

tourism use of resources and scale

Answer 3

tourism makes use of primary and secondary resources, ranging from a local scale to a global scale

Question 4

primary tourist/recreational resources

Answer 4

pre-existing attractions for tourism or recreation (climate, scenery, wildlife etc)

Question 5

secondary tourist/recreational resources

Answer 5

includes shopping, catering, accommodation and entertainment

Question 6

diff types of tourism

Answer 6

–> mass tourism
–> niche tourism: ecotourism, heritage, medical, adventure, silver

Question 7

mass tourism

Answer 7

may be cheaper because it can achieve economies of scale, and mostly found in coastal areas

Question 8

growth of the leisure industry in the BRIC countries has been accelerating due to economic and and social changes. These include:

Answer 8

• rising disposable income
• a surging middle class
• rapid urbanisation
• greater online connectivity
• an ageing population

Question 9

BRIC stats

Answer 9

• leisure and recreation services expected to grow by 132% between 2014 and 2030
• rapidly ageing population: 15% were over 65 in 2013

Question 10

USA wealth stats

Answer 10

in 1960, the wealthiest 1% of households accounted for 10% of wealth, but in the 2010s that has grown to over 20% of the wealth.

Question 11

variations in leisure in the case of gender

Answer 11

men have 1 to 9 extra hours leisure time due to women being occupied with “unpaid work” (=house chores) in a society conceived by gender stereotypes

Question 12

what is the decision to participate in sport and tourism affected by?

Answer 12

a wide range of physical, demographic, and socio-economic factors, including, age, sex, economic circumstances, ethnicity, health, stage in life cycle, available time and responsibilities. Other influences include peer group involvement, participation as a child and location.

Question 13

participation rate

Answer 13

refers to the proportion of a population that takes part in a specific sporting activity.

Question 14

a number of physical factors have an impact on participation in sport and tourist activities, for example

Answer 14

• skiing/winter sports associated with mountain areas that have regular and reliable snow in the winter
• coastal areas with large plunging breakers produce ideal conditions for surfing
• hilly areas can promote mountain biking
• rivers and lakes promote fishing
• wide sand beaches, reliable climate in summer, will favour coastal/beach tourism

Question 15

different factors

Answer 15

physical, human, political, social, cultural

Question 16

how a country’s level of economic development affects participation in sport

Answer 16

the HIC’s have widespread leisure facilities with a great deal of government investment and all age groups catered for. In the LIC’s leisure is less important than survival and leisure facilities are extremely limited. Government expenditure on domestic leisure provision is small although investment in tourism’s a means of development in some LICs.

Question 17

family life cycle

Answer 17

a concept which identifies the various stages of family growth and development over time. It consists of five distinct stages: single young adult, newly married couple, full nest, empty nest, and widowhood. Each stage is marked by different challenges and experiences for the family, as well as different roles, responsibilities, and dynamics.

Question 18

social characteristics of people who are excluded from participating in sport in the UK

Answer 18

• those aged 75 and over
• black and minority ethnic
• lone pensioners
• local authority tenants
• people with no qualifications
• those in routine/semi-routine occupations
• people who are permanently or temporarily sick
• disabled or injured people
• people on relatively low incomes