oral cavities structure function and common diSEASEA

Question 1

Label,
SOFT palate, HARD palate, Proper oral cavity, tongue, and vestibule

important anatomy

Answer 1

Question 2

Which MUSCLES form the floor of the mouth: The muscular diaphragm?
What do they do when swallowing

What innervates the mouth

important

Answer 2

BILATERAL MYLOHYOID and GENOHYOID MUSCLES, they pull the larynx forward when swallowing

BRANCHES OF CN V TRIGEMINAL NERVE INNERVATE THE MOUTH

Question 3

What muscles are cheeks formed by and what is directly adjacent to the mouth

What are he cheeks lined by and what sort of cells is

Answer 3

BUCCINATOR MUSCLES and
OBICULARIS ORIS

The cheeks are lined by oral mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium!!

Question 4

What nerve innervates the cheeks (buccinator and obicularis oris)

Answer 4

Facial nerve, CN VII

Question 5

What are the 3 types of ORAL MUCOSA TISSUE TYPES (important)

1. Lining Mucosa = KERATINIZED or non keratinized?
   -in : lips, cheeks, floor of mouth SOFT palate, ventral tongue
2. MASTICATORY MUCOSA = Keratinized or non kertinized?
   GUM (GINGIVA), HARD PALATE
3. SPECIALIZED MUCOSA = DORSAL TONGUE (______ _+ ____ ___)

Answer 5

Three types

Lining mucosa – non-keratinised

Lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate, ventral tongue

Masticatory mucosa – keratinised

Gingiva, hard palate

Specialised mucosa

Dorsal tongue (papillae + taste buds)

Question 6

what are the three names of mucosa in the mouth, and where are they? which are keratinized, what is keratinized

Answer 6

Keratinised = protection from mechanical stress
Non-keratinised = flexible, prone to ulceration
1. LINING mucosa - everything except hard palate and gum and tongue
2. MASTICATORY mucosa - hard palate and gum
3. Specialized mucosa - tongue

Masticatory is keratnized

Question 7

Which oral mucosa is keratinised and why?

Answer 7

A: Masticatory mucosa; resists mechanical forces of chewing

Question 8

label tooth anatomy

Answer 8

Question 9

Why are teeth considered unique integumentary structures? what is the structure that anchors tooth to the alveolar bone??

Answer 9

Enamel is ectoderm-derived and teeth breach the mucosal epithelial barrier
PDL PERIDONTAL LIGAMENT ANCHORS TOOTH TO ALVEOLAR BONE

Question 10

tooth dvelopment. i do not think its important

Question 11

what forms of prosthodontics exist

Answer 11

partial dentures coplete dentures tianium single tooths crowns bridges implants

Question 12

what are the 4 salivary glands and how much do they produce of saliva, and how much volume in a day

Answer 12

1 to 1.5 Liters a day (WHOA)
SUBMANDIBULAR
PAROTID
SUBLINGUAL
MINOR GLANDS

Question 13

1. which salivary gland reponds to stimulation
2. Serous saliva is held by ____ gland
3. Mucosal saliva is held by ____ gland
4. Mixed saliva is held by ______ gland
5. _______ gland makes the most saliva

Answer 13

1. parotid responds to stimulation
   SEROUS : PArotid
   MUCOUS: SUBLINGUAL
   MIXED: SUBLINGUAL
   SUBMANDIBULAR =65% of saliva

Question 14

What is a major host factor in prevention of caries

Answer 14

SALIVA

Question 15

Q: Name two antimicrobial components of saliva

Answer 15

A: IgA, lysozyme (also histatins), immunoglobulins

Question 16

what are the parts of the tongue and what gives tongue its velvety appearance

Answer 16

the papillae of the tongue give it its velvety appearance
Papillae: fungiform, vallate, foliate
BODY: Anterior 2/3
Root : posterior 1/3 which is inside the oropharuynx

they have diff kinds

Question 17

Which 3 cranial nerves transmit taste?

Answer 17

VII, IX, X -
Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) & Vagus (CN X)

Question 18

important
What causes dental caries? what happens? is it common

Answer 18

Interaction between sugars, cariogenic bacteria, i.e streptococcus mutans, lactobacili, and host susceptibility

there is an acid production and then a demineralization of enamel!!!

its one of the oldest most common chronic diseases

Question 19

What happens in peridontal disease, and is it reversible?

Answer 19

Irreversible plaque induced gum inflation
and, then, a destruction of the peridontal ligament and alveolar bone WHICH HOLD THE TOOTH!!!!!!!!

Question 20

peridontal risk factors and one sad fact

Answer 20

Risk factors

Smoking

Diabetes

Genetics

Stress
AM GOLD

👉 Disease driven more by host immune overreaction than bacteria alone
Q: Why is periodontal disease considered an immune-mediated condition?
A: Tissue damage results from exaggerated host inflammatory response

Question 21

FLASHCARDS

Q: Why is periodontal disease irreversible?
A: Loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

FLASHCARDS

Q: How does periodontal treatment affect diabetes? how does it affect cardiovasc markers

Answer 23

A: Improves HbA1c and inflammatory markers
improves CRP and IL-6

Question 24

most oral cavity cancers in head and neck cancer are

Answer 24

oral squamous cell cencers

Question 25

dx

Answer 25

Question 26

dx

Answer 26

Question 27

Stem: A 22-year-old presents with tooth pain worsened by sweet foods. Examination shows enamel cavitation. Question: Which factor most strongly promotes disease progression?

Answer 27

Answer: Frequent fermentable sugar intake

Question 28

Stem: A 55-year-old smoker with bleeding gums and mobile teeth. Question: What is the primary mechanism of tissue destruction?

Answer 28

Chronic host-mediated inflammatory response causing bone and PDL loss

Question 29

Stem: A patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes has worsening gum disease. Question: Which statement best explains this relationship?

Answer 29

Answer: Diabetes predisposes to periodontal disease and periodontal inflammation worsens glycaemic control