Oral solid dosage forms

Question 1

How do effervescent tablets work

Answer 1

Acid base reaction to produce carbon dioxide

Question 2

Advantages of effervescent tablets

Answer 2

Mask drug taste, drug in solution prior to ingestion, faster onset of action, easier to swallow

Question 3

Ingredients of effervescent tablets

Answer 3

Active ingredients, buffering agent, soluble organic acid, alkali metal carbonate salt, water soluble binders, water soluble lubricants, artificial and natural sweeteners, flavouring agents, surfactants

Question 4

How should effervescent tablets be packaged

Answer 4

Tightly closed containers, moisture proof, dry air added when sealed, heavy gauge foil to minimise risk of holes

Question 5

Testing of effervescent tablets

Answer 5

Hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution

Question 6

What are lozenges

Answer 6

Solid preparations designed to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth, keep drug in contact with oral cavity for extended period

Question 7

What is the compression of lozenges

Answer 7

Compressed harder than normal tablets so they dissolve/disintegrate slowly

Question 8

What excipients do hard lozenges not usually have

Answer 8

Disintegrants and preservatives

Question 9

Base of soft lozenges

Answer 9

Gelatin or PEG

Question 10

Roles of acacia in soft lozenges

Answer 10

Adds texture and smoothness

Question 11

Roles of silica gel

Answer 11

Suspending agent- reduce drug settling during cooling process

Question 12

What are orodisperisble tablets

Answer 12

Uncoated tablets intended to be placed in the mouth where they disperse rapidly before being swallowed

Question 13

How long should it take orodispersible tablets to disintegrate

Answer 13

3 minutes

Question 14

Advantages of orodispersible tablets

Answer 14

No need for water, good for swallowing difficulties, sometimes see improved bioavailability

Question 15

Limitations of orodispersible tablets

Answer 15

Get balance between mechanical strength and rapid disintegration, taste masking problems, high drug loading

Question 16

Manufacturing techniques for orodispersible tablets

Answer 16

Disintegrant addition, freeze drying/lyophilisation, cotton candy process, sublimation, moulding compression

Question 17

Locations for transmucosal drug delivery

Answer 17

Oral cavity (mucosal membranes), sublingual (place drug under tongue), buccal (place drug between teeth and cheek)

Question 18

Why is transmucosal drug delivery used

Answer 18

Absorption from oral mucosa avoids 1st pass metabolism

Question 19

Limitations/disadvantages of transmucosal drug delivery

Answer 19

Short residence time, small absorption area, taste sensing organ, inadequate permeability for some molecules