all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they’re able.
Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
The self-care requisites identified by Dorothea Orem fall into one of three categories
- self-care requisites
- developmental self-care requisites
- health deviation requisites
needs that all people have
universal self-care requisites
universal self-care requisites includes things like
air, water, food, activity and rest, and hazard prevention
two subcategories of developmental self-care requisites:
maturational and situational
progress the patient to a higher level of maturation
maturational
prevent against harmful effects in development
situational
needs that come up based on the patient’s condition
health devation requisites
if patient is unable to meet their self-care requisites, a _______________ occurs
self-care deficit
in this case, the patient’s nurse steps in wth a support modality which can be
total compensation, partial compensation, or education and support
Universal self-care requisites are associated with life processes, as well as the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning. rem identifies these requisites also called activities of daily living, or ADLs, as:
- the maintenance of sufficient intake of air, food, and water
- provision of care associated with the elimination process
- a balance between activities and rest, as well as between solitude and social interaction
- the prevention of hazards to human life and well-being
- the promotion of human functioning
are associated with developmental processes. They are generally derived from a condition or associated with an event.
Developmental self-care requisites
is required in conditions of illness, injury. or disease
Health deviation self-care
Health deviation self-care is required in conditions of illness, injury. or disease.
These include:
- Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance
- Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions
- Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures
- Modifying self-concepts to accept oneself as being in a particular state of health and in specific forms of health care
- Learning to live with the effects of pathologic conditions.
Sel-care deficit theory indentifies 5 methods of helping:
- acting for and doing for others
- guiding others
- supporting another
- providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands
- teaching another
Orem identifies 3 classfications of nursing systems to meet self-care requisites for the patient:
- wholly compensatory system
- partly compensatory system
- supportive-educative system
the theory identifies two categories of technologies
social or interpersonal and regulatory technologies
communication is adjusted to age and health status
social or interpesonal
in this category, human assistance adapted to human needs, actions, abilities and limitations is given by the nurse
social or interpesonal
maintain and promote life processes
regulatory technologies
this category regulates psycho-and physiological models of functioning in health and disease
regulatory technologies
nursing process in SCDNT
- assessment
- diagnosis and plan
- implementation and evaluation
Orem identified 8 fields of knowledge essential for understanding nursing practice
- sociology
- profession/occupation
- jurisprudence
- history
- ethics
- economics
- administration
- nursing science
Dorothea Orem was born in
Baltimore, Maryland in 1914
