Organic Compounds

Question 0

All organic compounds are made of which element?

Answer 0

Carbon

Question 1

List the 4 types of organic compounds

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrate
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. DNA

Question 2

List the monomers for each of the following: Proteins, Carbohydrates, & Nucleic Acids

Answer 2

Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide

Question 3

List examples of lipids

Answer 3

• Fats
• Phospholipids
• Steroids
• Waxes

Question 4

How do enzymes help the body?

Answer 4

They make chemical reactions happen faster

Question 5

________ substrates will fit with ______ enzymes.

Answer 5

Specific; Specific

Question 6

What are the 3 steps in an enzyme reaction?

Answer 6

1. Substrates bind to the active site
2. Enzyme changes shape
3. The change in shape breaks substrate bonds & the enzyme releases new products

Question 7

What’s the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 7

Monosaccharide

Question 8

What are the polymers of a carbohydrate?

Answer 8

Disaccharide, Polysaccharide, & Carbs

Question 9

What’s the carbohydrates function?

Answer 9

Source of Energy

Question 10

Give examples of a carbohydrate

Answer 10

• Fruits
• starches
• grains
• glucose
• fructose

Question 11

What are the monomers in a lipid?

Answer 11

Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids

Question 12

What’s the polymer of a lipid?

Answer 12

Lipid

Question 13

What’s the function of a lipid?

Answer 13

To store energy efficiently

Question 14

What is the monomer of a protein?

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

What are the polymers of a protein?

Answer 15

• Enzymes
• Protein
• Polypeptide chain

Question 16

What is the function of a protein?

Answer 16

• to transport oxygen throughout the    
body 
• serves as an antibody
• speed up chemical reactions
• lower active energy

Question 17

What are examples of protein?

Answer 17

• Red blood cells
• Collagen
• Hair
• Amylase

Question 18

What is the monomer of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

What is the polymer of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 19

Nucleic Acid

Question 20

What is the function of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 20

• Heredity Information

* Main Energy Source

Question 21

What are examples of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 21

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP

Question 22

What determines the shape of a protein?

Answer 22

The sequence of amino acids

Question 23

What are the 2 things that enzymes do for chemical reactions?

Answer 23

1. Reduce activation energy

2. Provide correct alignment

Question 24

Which elements are found in each of the organic compounds?: Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, & Nucleic Acid

Answer 24

``` Carbohydrate: CHO Lipid: CHON Protein: CHON Nucleic Acid: CHONP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Phosphorous) ```

Question 25

What are the 2 kinds of lipids? What is considered the "bad" fat and which is considered the "good fat"?

Answer 25

Unsaturated & Saturated; Unsaturated=good | Saturated=bad

Question 26

Polypeptide

Answer 26

Is a chain of molecules called amino acids linked together

Question 27

Hemoglobin

Answer 27

A protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to body tissues

Question 28

Enzyme

Answer 28

Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions

Question 29

Active Site

Answer 29

The area of an enzyme that connects with the substrates

Question 30

Substrates

Answer 30

The reactants in a chemical reaction helped by an enzyme

Question 31

Enzymes need to work.......

Answer 31

Temperature range & pH range

Question 32

Monomer=Monosaccharide

Answer 32

Single sugars

Question 33

What are some examples of Monosaccharides?

Answer 33

* Glucose (C6H12O6) * Fructose * Galactose

Question 34

Disaccharides

Answer 34

Formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined

Question 35

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 35

* Sucrose- glucose+fructose * Maltose- glucose+glucose * Lactose- galactose+glucose

Question 36

Polysaccharides

Answer 36

Chains of 3 or more monosaccharides; larger molecules made up of smaller molecules

Question 37

What are some examples of Polysaccharides?

Answer 37

Starch: made by plants Glycogen: made by animals Cellulose: provides structural support for plants

Question 38

What are some physical features if Saturated & Unsaturated fats?

Answer 38

Saturated: solid fats (ex: butter, lard, grease etc.) Unsaturated: liquid fats (ex: plant oils, fish oils, vegetable oils etc.)

Question 39

What are lipids?

Answer 39

Non-polar molecules that are not soluble in water (2 of the same charge or no charge)

Question 40

What are the 3 parts of a Nucleotide?

Answer 40

A sugar, base, & a phosphate group

Question 41

What is DNA?

Answer 41

* 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds * double helix * store hereditary information that can be used to make proteins

Question 42

What is RNA ( Ribonucleic Acid)?

Answer 42

Single strand

Question 43

What is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)?

Answer 43

* single nucleotide w/2 extra energy-storing phosphate groups * Main energy currency of cells * Cells need a steady supply of ATP to function

Question 44

Crackers contain large carbohydrate molecules called starch. When you eat a cracker what helps break down the starch molecule into simpler sugars?

Answer 44

Amylase is a protein enzyme found in our saliva which breaks down starch molecules & other large carbohydrates

Question 45

The protein enzyme amylase breaks down the carbohydrate starch into simpler sugars called?

Answer 45

The enzyme amylase breaks down large polysaccharide molecules into smaller monosaccharides