Y9 Science > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What enzyme does saliva contain

A

Amylase

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2
Q

Examples of substrates

A

.Lipids
.Complex carbohydrates
.Protein

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3
Q

What is another name for a complex sugar?

A

Starch

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4
Q

What are uni-cellar organisms

A

An organism which consists of only one cell

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5
Q

What is a organ?

A

A group of tissues performing a similar function

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6
Q

What happens if enzyme activity is done below optimum temperature

A

.The enzyme has less kinetic energy so it moves around more slower
.So there are less frequent collisons
.Therefore, ROR decreases

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7
Q

Draw a diagram of one epithelial cell

A

Drawing is in your folder

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8
Q

Where is bile stored

A

In the gall bladder

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9
Q

How do you test for proteins

A

.Use a glass rod and gently grind up a small sample of food into some distilled water in a test tube
.Stir the mixture until some of the food dissolves into the water
.Add 2cm³ of Biuret solution to the solution in the test tube. Shake gently to mix
.Solution will turn lilac if protein is present, otherwise it will remain blue

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10
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst

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11
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Permanent structres inside a cell

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12
Q

What are the three main features of digestion organs

A

.Release of digestive juices
.Digestion
.Absorption

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13
Q

Why does the use of a catalyst effect the ROR

A

.The use of a catalyst in a reaction decreases the activation energy, providing a different pathway for the reaction
.This means that more particles will have the activation energy, which will lead to more (successful/frequent) collisions
.Therefore, this increases the ROR

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14
Q

What is the function of an epithelial tissue in the stomach?

A

Forms a covering layer for the stomach and protects it

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15
Q

What is the significance of digestion

A

Breaks down large insoluble food into smaller soluble ones that can pass through the blood

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16
Q

How do you test for lipids

A

.Use a glass rod and gently grind up a small sample of food into some distilled water in a test tube
.Stir the mixture until some of the food dissolves into the water
.Add three drops of ethanol to the solution in the test tube. Shake gently to mix
.If fat is present, a cloudy layer will form

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17
Q

What is the difference between oil and fat?

A

Oil is liquid at room temperature
Fat is solid at room temperature

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18
Q

What are vitamins and minerals broken down into?

A

Trick question - Vitamins and minerals cannot be broken down or digested unless if it is digested with lipids (fats). This is also why many experts recommend to eat something before consuming a vitamin/mineral as it will likely contain lipids (fats)

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19
Q

State the order of epithelial cells in ascending order

A

.Epithelial cells
.Epithelial tissues
.Stomach
.Digestive system
.Human

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20
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

Amino acids

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21
Q

State the order of goblet cells in ascending order

A

.Goblet cells
.Glandular tissue
.Stomach
.Digestive system
.Human

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22
Q

What does the liver produce?

A

Bile

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23
Q

What type of enzyme is amylase

A

carbohydrase

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24
Q

Insoluble definition

A

Cannot be dissolved

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25
Name one risk assessment when carrying out the Biuret test
.Wear safety googles as Biuret's regent is an irritant .Wash off spills on skin immediately as Biuret's regent contains sodium hydroxide which is caustic
26
How do you test for sugars
.Use a glass rod and gently grind up a small sample of food into some distilled water in a test tube .Stir the mixture until some of the food dissolves into the water .Add 10 drops of Benedict's solution to the solution in the test tube .Place the test tube into a water bath and set it for 80°C for a few minutes .Take the test tube out and switch off the water bath .The colour of the solution represents the concentration of sugar there is. Red- Orange means that the concentration of sugar was high, yellow-green means that the concentration of sugar was medium and blue means that the concentration of sugar is low
27
Name one risk assessment when carrying out Benedict's test
.Wear safety googles as Benedict's regent is an irritant .Wash off spills on skin immediately as Benedict's regent is an irritant .Take care with boiling water as it is harmful to skin
28
What factors affect how fast enzymes work
.Temperature .pH .Concentration
29
Why does the use of a surface area effect the ROR
.Increasing the SA means that the reactant solid is cut into smaller pieces .This means that the solution will have more area to work on, leading to more frequent collisions .Therefore, this increases the ROR
30
Why does concentration effect the ROR
.Increasing the concentration means that there will be more particles .This means that there will be more (successful/frequent) collisions .Therefore, this increases the ROR
31
What are complex sugars broken down into?
Glucose
32
What is the significance of absorption
Taking digested food molecules into the blood stream
33
Where is the epithelial tissue in your stomach?
Covers the inner and outer wall of stomach
34
What food groups need to be digested in order for the digestive system to progress?
.Carbohydrates (Simple and Complex sugars (Starch)) .Proteins .Lipids (Fats) .Vitamins and minerals
35
What are lipids (fats) broken into?
Glycerol and fatty acids
36
What is a cell?
The basic building block of life
37
Name one risk assessment when carrying out Sudan III test
.Wear safety googles as Sudan III is an irritant .Wash off spills on skin immediately as Sudan III is an irritant .Ethanol is highly flammable so keep the solution away from naked flames
38
What is an organism?
A living thing
39
Where in the body is lipase produced
.Pancreas .Small intestine
40
Active site
The region of the enzyme with a specific shape that is not complementary to the substrate
41
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function
42
State the order of muscle cells in ascending order
.Muscle cells .Muscle tissue .Stomach .Digestive system .Human
43
What is the significance of the release of digestive juices
Lubricates food and carry enzymes to aid digestion
44
Substrate
What fits into the enzyme and is broken down
45
State the order of cells in ascending order
.Cell .Tissue .Organ .Organ system .Organism
46
What happens if enzyme activity is done above optimum temperature
.The enzyme becomes denatured which means the active site changes its shape .Therefore, the substrate can no longer fit into it
47
Where in the body is protease produced
.Stomach .Pancreas .Small intestine
48
Name one risk assessment when carrying out the iodine test
.Wear safety googles as iodine is an irritant .Wash off spills on skin immediately as iodine is an irritant
49
What happens to the product after the reaction with the enzyme
It is broken down
50
What happens to those food groups that are too large and insoluble to be digested?
They are broken down
51
What are the organs involved in the release of digestive juices
.Salivary glands .Stomach .Pancreas .Liver .Small intestine
52
What is another name for lipids?
Fats
53
Where in the body is carbohydrase produced
.Salivary glands (amylase) .Pancreas .Small intestine
54
What food groups are too large and too insoluble to be consumed on its own?
.Proteins .Lipids .Complex carbohydrates
55
Why does temperature effect the ROR
.As the temperature increases, more particles will have more energy .This means that there will be more (successful/frequent) collisions .Therefore, this increases the ROR
56
If enzyme activity is done above optimum temperature, is it reversible or irreversible
Irreversible
57
What is a organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
58
Why does the liver produce bile?
To help break down fats although bile is not an enzyme
59
If enzyme activity is done above optimum pH, is it reversible or irreversible
Irreversible - becomes denatured
60
If enzyme activity is done below optimum temperature, is it reversible or irreversible
Reversible
61
What are the organs involved in absorption
.Small intestine
62
Optimum temeprature
The best temperature the enzyme works at
63
Function of digestive system
Break down and absorb food
64
What are the organs involved in digestion
.Stomach .Mouth
65
If enzyme activity is done below optimum pH, is it reversible or irreversible
Irreversible - becomes denatured
66
How do you test for starch
.Take a small sample of food and place it into one of the wells on a spotting tile .Add a few drops of iodine solution .If starch is present, the colour of the substance should be blue/black. Otherwise, the colour should be orange/brown
67
What does amylase break down
complex sugars into simple sugars
68
Give three examples of vitamins and minerals
.Glucose .Vitamin A .Calcium
69
What are multi-cellar organisms?
An organism which consists of many cells
70
Features of an epithelial cell
.They can pack closely and regenerate eaisly
71
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
.Simple sugars .Complex carbohydrates
72
How does saliva make it easier to swallow food
It lubricates the food
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