What is osmoregulation?
The control of water and salt concentrations in the blood to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis).
Why is osmoregulation important?
To prevent cells from swelling or shrinking due to osmosis, and to maintain enzyme function and metabolic processes.
Which organ is primarily responsible for osmoregulation in humans?
The kidneys.
Which hormone controls osmoregulation?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Where is ADH produced and released?
Produced in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary gland.
What happens when blood water concentration is too low?
More ADH is released → kidneys reabsorb more water → urine becomes more concentrated.
What happens when blood water concentration is too high?
Less ADH is released → kidneys reabsorb less water → urine becomes more dilute.
What structure in the brain detects changes in blood water concentration?
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
What is the role of the collecting duct in osmoregulation?
Its permeability to water changes in response to ADH, controlling how much water is reabsorbed.
