other

Question 1

Which of the following nerves is responsible for reffered pain to the groin in a kidney w kidney stones?

Answer 1

Genitofemoial N(L1 – L2)

Question 2

Pain from ureter is reffered to cutaneous areas innerved from spinal segments of the ureter (_____ => groin, scortum and labium majors)

Answer 2

T11-:2

Question 3

reflex related to ANS and lymphatics

Answer 3

Chapmans point

Question 4

Kidney stone patient? Perform OMT?

Answer 4

No give toridal

Question 5

In neurolocal model; treating renal pt at T10-L2 with ST does what?

Answer 5

Normal ANS; decrease sympathetic tone => decrease uteroconstriction

Question 6

Visceroscomatic reflexes?

Answer 6

nociceptors carry impulses via sympathetic N fibers => synapse w spinal interneurons, => spinal motor neurons

Question 7

Renal failure tx

Answer 7

1. Omt (underlying cause)
2. Tx complications

Question 8

· Scoliosis can cause a dysfunction in _____ function

Answer 8

CP

Question 9

how do we grade scoliosis

Answer 9

· Cobb method: measure of the Cobb angle is used to classify scoliosis as mild, moderate or severe

Question 10

o Cobb angle is formed how?

Answer 10

the intersection of a liner parallel to the superior end plate of the most cephalad vertebra in a particular curve, with the line parallel to the inferior end plate of the most caudad vertebra of the curve.

Question 11

o ____ degrees: mild

o _____ degrees: moderate scoliosis

o ____ degrees: severe scoliosis; compromises respiratory function.

Answer 11

• mild: 5-10
• moderate: 20-45
• severe: >50

Question 12

· Mild curves can affect our ability to ____.

Answer 12

excercise

Question 13

What CP problems can impair the flow of lymphatics?

Answer 13

1. Pulmonary edema
2. Ascites
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Peripheral edema (electrolyte imbalance)

Question 14

The thoracic duct is functionally under _____________ control. Thus, how can we

↓ lymphatic flow?

Answer 14

• Sympathetic
• Hypersympathetic tone => ↓ lymphatic flow.

Question 15

What is the sympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 15

• Preganglionic axon: [Intermediolateral column (IMLC) of T1-5] synapse of the [upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia or cervical ganglia]
• Postganglionic axons: leave as sympathetic cardiac nerves => converge at the cardiac plexus

Question 16

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 16

• Preganglionic axons from the
  
  • [dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve]
  • [nucleus ambiguous]
• synapse on the cardiac plexus

Question 17

What types of fibers are most strongly concentrated in the SA/AV node (and lesser extend the myocardium)?

Answer 17

• Cholinergic and adrenergic fibers

Question 18

Sympathetic activation of the heart => ____ HR and ________ of the coronary artery

Answer 18

• Increase
• dilation

Question 19

Parasympathetic activation of the heart => ____ HR and ________ of the coronary artery

Answer 19

• Decrease
• Constriction

Question 20

Smooth muscle tone of the airways is controlled by the _________NS

Answer 20

• Parasympathetic

Question 21

__________________ innervation of the airways causes bronchoconstriction, bronchial vasodilation and mucus secretion

Answer 21

• M3 cholinergic innervation

Question 22

_______________ innervation cause bronchodilation

Answer 22

NO and VIP

Question 23

_______________ of the lungs are controlled by parasympathetics, though the parasympathetic nerves are anatomically and physiologically distinct from one another

Answer 23

• BOTH relaxation and constriction

Question 24

What is the OMM treatment in a cardiopulmonary patient?

Answer 24

1. Treat OA/AA
2. Open thoracic inlet
3. Rib raise/ treat ribs
4. Treat diapragm
5. Perform lymphatic pump
6. Treat T1-T7 dysfunction

Question 25

What can we use to **decrease SVR**?

Answer 25

* **Generalized paraspinal inhibition** (d/t widespread distribution of sympathetic NS)

Question 26

Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological component to treat HTN?

Answer 26

* **Decrease sympathetic tone** * Also: Perform **paraspinal inhibition** and treat **OA/AA**

Question 27

How does HF affect the thoracic duct?

Answer 27

* Thoracic duct cant empty =\> dilate =\> **peripheral edema**

Question 28

When using OMT to treat HF, what should we be cautious of?

Answer 28

* Not to overwhelm circulatory system and make sx worse.

Question 29

Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat **CHF**?

Answer 29

* Neurological * Paraspinal inhibition of T1-6 (SNS) * Suboccipital release (PNS) * Chapmans points * Res[/circ * rib raising * lymphatics

Question 30

When treating **arrythmias**, OMT should focus on what?

Answer 30

* **Reduce segmental facilitation** in the upper thoracics * **Modify vagal tonicity**

Question 31

Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat arrythmias?

Answer 31

* Neurological * Treat **OA, AA SD** * **Paraspinal inhibition of T-6** * **Chapmans points** * Respiratory * **Valsalva manever** * **Carotid sinus massage**

Question 32

3 goals when using OMT to treat **pneumonia**?

Answer 32

* Decrease congestion * Decrease sympathetic hyperactivity to parenchyma of the lung * Decrease mechanical problems that affect motion of the thoracic cage

Question 33

Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat **pneumonia**?

Answer 33

* Neurological * **Paraspinal inhibition of T1-7** * **CV4** * **Treat OA/AA to normalize parasympathetics** * Respiratory-circulatory * **Rib raising** * **Treat Zink Patterns** * **Lymphatic treatments**

Question 34

Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and **metabolic/energetic-immune** component to treat COPD? * Neuro * T1-7 (SNS) * OA, AA (PNS) * Chapmans * Metabolic-energetic- immune

Answer 34

* Neuro * T1-7 (SNS) * OA, AA (PNS) * Chapmans * Metabolic-energetic- immune * Dome the diaphragm * Drugs *

Question 35

what is a CI in COPD pts (met/energetix/immune)?

Answer 35

Thoracic vacuum

Question 36

What are 3 things to consider when using OMT in CP patients?

Answer 36

* Use **indirect** treatments * Moving too much fluid from [periphery =\> central] =\> **high volume stress to CO.** * Increase in sympathetic tone =\> constriction of lymphatic vessels and BV