Other

Question 1

Instability of the shoulder

Answer 1

> shallow glenoid fossa
large humeral head
loose articular capsule

solved by:

• glenoid laburm (+long head tendons of biceps/triceps)
• ligaments
• rotator cuff tendons

Question 2

Bursae of the shoulder

Answer 2

> Subdeltoid - between deltoid + capsule
subacromial - limited space
subcoracoid

Question 3

Scapula plane

Answer 3

scapula sits at 45 degrees - movements occur within this plane - midway between sagittal and frontal planes

Question 4

Normal scapulo-humeral rhythm

Answer 4

> first 30 degrees- just humeral movement
(scapula will medialise initially as it is fixated)
30-150 degrees - 2:1 ratio of g/h to scapula movement (i.e 10 degrees humeral movement = 5 degrees scapula movement)
last 20/30 degrees - pure humeral movement

Above the 110 degree mark: flexion and abduction become elevation through flex/abduction (will also require lateral rotation of shoulder of greater tubercle clashes with acromion

Question 5

Closed packed position

Answer 5

abduction + external rotation

Question 6

Axilla + contents

Answer 6

Borders:
Lateral: costal border of scapula
           : subscapularis
Anterior: inner aspect of pec major
Medial : thoracic cage
             : Serratus anterior

Contents:
> Axillary sheath; 3 cords of brachial plexus (posterior, lateral and medial) and axillary artery
> axillary vein