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Question 1

How are antibodies created

Answer 1

Primary exposure: activates lymphocytes

Secondary exposure: boosts antibody production for long term immunity

Question 2

Explain: Types of immunity

Answer 2

Passive- acquired from mother in utero (no memory)

Active- acquired infection/illness or vaccinated (immunological memory lymphocytes)

Question 3

Define: Antibody mediated immunity

Answer 3

is antibody production

Question 4

Define: Immunisation

Answer 4

is the process of inducing immunity artificially

Question 5

List the types of Vaccinations

Answer 5

• Killed bacteria
• Inactivated viruses
• Live, attenuated bacteria
• Toxoids (inactivated toxins)
• Attenuated virus
• Microbial subunit

Question 6

What are the 2 types of immunoglobulin immunisation preparations

Answer 6

• NHIG (Normal Human Immunoglobulin)

- Specific Immunoglobulin

Question 7

Which types of immunisations are better

Answer 7

1st- Live/attenuated vaccines
2nd- toxoid/subunits
3rd- Immunoglobulins

Question 8

Define: Herd Immunity

Answer 8

(also called community based immunity)

• is when enough people in a specific population are immunised against a disease to provide herd immunity rom those un-vaccinated in the area

Question 9

What are the 3 types of immune response

Answer 9

1. It is antigen-specific — directed against particular pathogens or foreign substances.
2. It is systemic — not restricted to the initial site of infection.
3. It has memory — once it recognises an antigen it responds by producing antibodies to subsequent invasions by the same molecule.

Question 10

What are the 2 types of immunity

Answer 10

1. Humoral immunity or antibody-mediated immunity is provided by the presence of antibodies in body fluids (humors).
2. Cellular immunity or cell-mediated immunity is when lymphocytes attack an invader directly

Question 11

What are the 3 cell types involved in the immune response

Answer 11

1. B lymphocytes produce antibodies and are responsible for humoral-mediated immunity.
2. T lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
3. Macrophages support the two sets of lymphocytes.

Question 12

Define: Antibodies

Answer 12

also called immunoglobulins (Igs), are a group of glycoproteins present in blood and tissue fluid

Question 13

What are the 2 types of Humoral Immunity

Answer 13

Active and Passive

Question 14

Fetal Anatomy

What are the 3 regions of the fetal skull

Answer 14

Vault
Face
Base

Question 15

Fetal Anatomy

What are the Bones and Sutures of the Vault

Answer 15

Bones

• Occiputal
• Parietal
• Frontal

Sutures

• Lambdoidal
• Sagittal
• Coronal
• Frontal

Question 16

Fetal Anatomy

Describe: Moulding

Answer 16

is an overriding of the sutures

• allows for a reduction in the presenting diameter

Question 17

Fetal Anatomy

Which fontanelle closes at 18 months of age

Answer 17

Anterior fontanelle