Axial skeleton
Skull vertebrae ribs sacrum coccyx
Appendicular skeleton
shoulder girdle
extremities
pelvis
Closed chain movement examples are:
sit to stand
pivoting
walking
Muscle origin
stationary part
insertion
moveable part
osteoblast
cells that form new bone
derived from bone marrow
osteoclast
cells that dissolve bone
derived from bone marrow
osteocytes
mature bone cells
trapped in new bone
embryonic skeleton is composed of?
hyaline cartilage
Describe what endochondral ossification is?
replacement of hyaline cartilage
Endochondral ossification step 1
- Formation of a cartilage model
- chondroblasts secrete a cartilage matrix to shape bone.
Endochondral ossification step 2
- Bone collar and periosteum formation
- artery penetrates
- osteoblasts deposit a boney matrix (osteiod)
- perichondrium develop into bone
Endochondral ossification step 3
- Primary ossification center formation
- bone collar deprives nutrients to cartilage causing death
- osteoblasts carry capillaries to grow in center and form trabecular bone.
Endochondral ossification step 4
- Remodeling
- ossification continues and forms diaphysis
- stuck osteoblasts become oseocytes
diaphysis
shaft of the bone
Endochondral ossification step 5
- Secondary ossification formation
- blood vessels enter the epiphysis forming an ossification center
- cartilage on epiphysis is called articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilatige left between diaphysis and epiphysis called epiphyseal plate
diarthrotic joint
freely moveable
joint cavity
containing synovial fluid
synovial fluid
provides nurtrion, lubrication and shock absorption
articular surface
covered by hyaline cartilage
-provides smooth surface for movement
synoovial membrane
lines the joint capsule
produces synovial fluid
fibrous membrane
composed of large amounts of collagen fibers and few elastic fibers
