OVERALL MIDTERM 2

Question 1

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 1

Electrons shared EQUALLY between atoms (no separation of charge)

Question 2

Polar covalent bond

Answer 2

Electrons shared UNEQUALLY between atoms (separation of charge)

Question 3

Electronegativity trend

Answer 3

• Difference less than 0.4: Nonpolar
• Difference between 0.4-2.0: Polar
• Difference greater than 2.0: Ionic

Question 4

Formal charge

Answer 4

Valence electrons - LP - Number of bonds

Question 5

Nonbonding electrons

Answer 5

Valene electrons - 8(n)/2

Question 6

Resonance bond rules

Answer 6

• Single Bond: 3LP
• Double bond: 2 LP
• Triple bond: 1 LP

Question 7

Base names alkanes

Answer 7

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane
• Pentane
• Hexane
• Heptane
• Octane
• Nonane
• Decane

Question 8

Rules for naming alkanes (3)

Answer 8

• Go with the lower substituent when naming
• When 2 or more identical substituent present, use di try prefix
• Substituent name should be alphabetical order

Question 9

Alkane naming format

Answer 9

Substituent number - (substituent name)(base name)

Question 10

• Ane to -yl

Answer 10

When there’s one less than base

Question 11

Electron group geometry

Answer 11

Count electron groups around central atom (LP and bonding atoms)

Question 12

Electron group geometry shapes

Answer 12

• Linear
• Trigonal planar
• Tetrahedral
• Trigonal bipyramidal
• Octahedral

Question 13

Molecular shape

Answer 13

Only count atoms bonded to central atom and occurs when lone pairs present

Question 14

Inphase

Answer 14

Overlap and form bond

Question 15

Molecular shape shapes (BLT)

Answer 15

• Bent
• Linear
• Trigonal pyramidal
• T shape
• Seesaw
• Square planar
• Square pyramidal

Question 16

Outphase

Answer 16

Doesnt overlap and create a node

Question 17

Sigma bond

Answer 17

Overlap of orbitals head to head and single bonds

Question 18

Pi bond

Answer 18

Overlap of p orbitals side by side and multiple bonds

Question 19

Hybridizations

Answer 19

• Sp: 2 electron groups
• Sp2: 3 electron groups
• Sp3: 4 electron grou[s
• Sp3d: 5 electron groups
• Sp3d2: 6 electron groups

Question 20

Constructive interference

Answer 20

Forms bonding molecular orbital

Question 21

Destructive interference

Answer 21

Forms anti bonding molecular orbital with node

Question 22

Bonding order

Answer 22

Bonded electrons - anti bonding electrons /2

Question 23

Bond order trend

Answer 23

• BO 1: single bond
• BO 2: Double bond
• BO 3: Triple bond
• BO 1/2: Single bond with 1 electron

Question 24

Paramagnetic

Answer 24

Contains unpaired electrons

Question 25

Diamagnetic

Answer 25

Contains paired electrons

Question 26

Units of k

Answer 26

- Zero order: mol -1 L s-1 - First order: s-1 - Second order: L mol-1 s-1

Question 27

Number prefixes

Answer 27

- Mono - Di - Tri - Tetra - Penta - Hexa - Hepta - Octa - Nona - Deca