Overview

Question 1

What do publishing companies do?

Answer 1

These own the copyright for the composition / songs They work on behalf of composers.

Ensure composers / songwriters receive payment when their work is used commercially

Question 2

What are some pros of a major publishing company? (3)

Answer 2

1. Lots of contacts so good distribution of compositions
2. Increased sales
3. Excellent marketing and promotion

Question 3

What are some cons of a major publishing company? (3)

Answer 3

1. • Large companies have lots of other composers harder to have your own work published
2. • Publishing company will take a cut of the earnings
3. • They will edit your work, you have less control

Question 4

What are the pros of self publishing (online)? (3)

Answer 4

1. • You have more control over the editing process
2. • Can be a stepping stone into a larger company
3. • Keep more of a profit from the song

Question 5

What the cons of self publishing (online)? (3)

Answer 5

1. • Less marketing and promotion
2. • song may not get used, less sales potentially
3. • Less opportunities for your work to be distributed

Question 6

What is the difference between a publishing company and record label?

Answer 6

A publishing company owns compositions rights whereas record labels own rights to sound and videos recordings

Question 7

What do recording companies do?

Answer 7

They coordinate the productions, manufacture, distribution, marketing and promotion of their artist or band’s music

Question 8

What are the 3 major record labels?

Answer 8

Sony Music Entertainemnt Warner Music Group Universal Music Group

Question 9

What are pros of major record labels? (3)

Answer 9

1. • Huge financial advantage, lots of surplus money
2. • Payment often upfront prior to music sale
3. • Excellent advertising and links to media - Label is well known with a good reputation

Question 10

What are cons of major record labels? (3)

Answer 10

1. • Difficult to stand out with so many bands in large labels
2. • Less control over the music, label is more interested in mass market and sales than the band’s style
3. • label takes a large cut of the earnings

Question 11

What are the pros of independant record labels? (3)

Answer 11

1. • Contracts are more friendly for the band
2. • Close personal relationship with managers in label
3. • Cater more to what the artist wants - Less interested in mass market

Question 12

What are the cons of independant record labels? (3)

Answer 12

1. • Lack of money
2. • Less publicity and promotion
3. • Less contacts with the media

Question 13

What is an agency?

Answer 13

An agency is an organisation that provides a particular service on behalf of a artist / band

Question 14

What is a royalty?

Answer 14

Every time music is used commercially, a percentage of earnings is given to the artist, label, songwriter etc.

Question 15

What is the P.R.S?

Answer 15

Performing Rights Society - Licenses the composer’s copyright for public performances of their songs

Question 16

What is the M.C.P.S?

Answer 16

Mechanical Copyright Protection Society - Licenses the composer’s copyright for sound recordings. Collect money for physical sales (cds etc.)

Question 17

What is PPL Licensing?

Answer 17

Phonographic Performance Limited - Licenses the right to perform sound recording in public performances. Collect royalties for performers on recordings

Question 18

What is the role of PR? (3)

Answer 18

1. To promote a new release or artist to the media
2. Generate maximum publicity
3. Liaise with record labels and media to get good album reviews and interviews with bands

Question 19

What does a booking agent do?

Answer 19

• Communicates with bands to agree on tour dates - Contacts promoters and venues to pitch bands to them

Question 20

What does a stylist do? (3)

Answer 20

1. • Help band create an image
2. • Create a suitable style
3. • Chooses clothes, hair styles

Question 21

What does a hire company do?

Answer 21

Hire companies provide the equipment that bands might need.

Question 22

Why might you hire sound and lighting equipment? (3)

Answer 22

1. • Equipment is expensive, if a venue or band doesn’t use it regularly it would be cheaper to hire
2. • Equipment is high quality and usually the most up-to-date technology
3. • Hire company may provide live sound technicians and engineers to operate the equipment meaning the band can focus on performing

Question 23

Why would you hire rehearsal and studio space? (2)

Answer 23

1. • To record music in a room with the best acoustic
2. • Excellent acoustics and large enough space for a rehearsal e.g orchestra

Question 24

What does a union do? (4)

Answer 24

Provide support and guidance workers might need for:

1. • Monitoring employment conditions
2. • Give advice to freelance workers on tax and National Insurance
3. • Help negotiate minimum rates of pay
4. • Provide legal support

Question 25

What does a transport company do?(3)

Answer 25

1. - Transport equipment and bands on tours 2. - Provides roadies to carry and set up equipment 3. - Provides a sleeping coach for the band

Question 26

What is the MU?

Answer 26

Musicians Union - Union for musicians, composers and instrumental teachers

Question 27

What is equity?

Answer 27

Union for actors, dancers and other performers

Question 28

What is BECTU?

Answer 28

Union for those working in production and technical roles

Question 29

Give 3 examples of a large venue

Answer 29

1. Sports Arena 2. , Theatre 3. , Glastonbury Festival

Question 30

Give 3 examples of a small venues

Answer 30

1. Pub, 2. Small Theatre, 3. School Stage

Question 31

What are the pros of a large venue? (3)

Answer 31

1. - Full of fans, with great atmosphere 2. - Great publicity and promotion 3. - Excellent quality equipment

Question 32

What are the cons of a large venue? (4)

Answer 32

1. - Less intimate 2. -Bad delay of sound at back of venue 3. - Refreshments and merchandise are expensive 4. - Large crowd could be dangerous, mosh pits and brawls

Question 33

What are the pros of a small venue? (3)

Answer 33

1. - Intimate atmosphere 2. - Small costs for hiring venues and equipment 3. - Refreshments are cheaper

Question 34

What are the cons of a small venue? (3)

Answer 34

1. -Small space can get crowded - health and safety risk 2. - Limited seated - may have to stand 3. - Bands provide own equipment, lack of resources at gig

Question 35

What are some safety concerns at a venue? (5)

Answer 35

1. - Heating, **lighting** and ventilation 2. - Safety of **electrical equipment** 3. - **Toilets** and clean drinking water 4. - First aid and clear **emergency exits** 5. - **Flow of people** in and out of the venue - security on door Stewards to guide audience

Question 36

What is MPG?

Answer 36

Music Producers Guild - Represents the interests of all those involved in the production of recorded music

Question 37

What is APRS?

Answer 37

Association of Professional Recording Services - Represent those who work in the audio industry: Recording studios, producers..

Question 38

What is PLASA?

Answer 38

Professional Lighting and Sound Association - Represent those who supply thechnologies to events in entertainments

Question 39

Describe features of full time employment (3)

Answer 39

1. 37-40 hours per week 2. Pension, Sick Pay 3. Long term

Question 40

Describe features of part time employment (3)

Answer 40

1. A contract same as full time, less hours 2. Can vary from 1-4 days per week 3. Long Term

Question 41

Describe features of Freelance Employment (3)

Answer 41

1. Self Employed Committed to a particular employer long term 2. Relies on others to give them work 3. No long term contract

Question 42

What is self-employment?

Answer 42

This is when you work for yourself rather than for a business

Question 43

What is permanent work?

Answer 43

guaranteed work over a certain length of time

Question 44

Describe some features of casual work (4)

Answer 44

1. Not secure 2. Varies according to work on offer 3. More flexible 4. Choice to organise your time