Overview & Anatomy

Question 1

Left side is ____ pressure and feeds ____ circulation

Answer 1

High pressure, feeds systemic circulation

Question 2

Right side is ____ pressure and feeds ____ circulation

Answer 2

Lower pressure, pulmonary circulation

Question 3

Function o the CV system is to _______

Answer 3

1. Maintain homeostasis!
2. Distribute dissolved gases & nutrients
3. Waste removal
4. Constant temperature
5. Constant pH
6. Constant isomolarity

Question 4

Describe series vs parallel arrangement

Answer 4

Series = no direct connection between L & R heart, arranged in series

Parallel = Multiple pathways from heart to vasc bed

Question 5

What is the importance of parallel arrangement?

Answer 5

1. Oxygenated blood visits one organ system before returning to heart
2. Changes in flow or demand in one organ does not directly affect other organs
3. Blood flow to different organs can be matched to demand

MAJOR EXCEPTION: hepatic circulation

Question 6

3 layers of heart

Answer 6

1. Epicardium (outside membrane)
2. Myocardium (thick muscle)
3. Endocardium (inner membrane)

Question 7

4 chambers

Answer 7

1&2. Ventricles - main pumping

3&4. Atria - small “primer” chambers

Question 8

4 valves

Answer 8

1. Tricuspid - RA and RV
2. Mitral - LA and LV
3. Pulmonic - RV and PA
4. Aortic - LV and aorta

Question 9

Which valve only has 2 cusps?

Answer 9

Mitral

Question 10

4 vessels

Answer 10

1. SVC and IVC
2. PA
3. PV
4. Aorta

Question 11

Function of AV node

Answer 11

Introduces delay so that atrial contraction occurs before ventricular contraction

Question 12

Implications of damage to conduction system

Answer 12

Electrical arrhythmia and inefficient pumping action

Question 13

His-Purkinje system is made up of what?

Answer 13

Specialized myocyte cells, ready for fast conduction

Question 14

Where do coronary arteries originate?

Answer 14

Root of aorta

Question 15

LAD = widowmaker, why?

Answer 15

Because occlusions within LAD are often suddenly fatal.

Question 16

Path of Deoxy blood flow

Answer 16

• Returns from systemic circulation via SVC and IVC
  
  • Enters RA w/o valve
  • RA contracts and ↑ pressure to open tricuspid valve
  • Blood enters RV
  • RV contract and opens pulmoic valve
  • Blood enters PA

Question 17

Path of Oxy blood flow

Answer 17

• Returns from lungs and enters LA via PV
  
  • LA contracts and opens mitral valve
  • Blood enters LV
  • LV contracts and opens aortic valve
  • Blood enters systemic circulation via aorta

Question 18

Which are resistance vessels? Capacitance vessels?

Answer 18

Arterioles = resistance vessels
Venules = capacitance vessels

Question 19

Varicose veins = failure of what?

Answer 19

Failure of one-way valves in venules.

Question 20

Atherosclerotic plaques are initiated by damage to what structure?

Answer 20

vascular endothelium (found in tunica intima)