P1 - experiments

Question 1

why are experiments carried out

Answer 1

to see if theres a cause and effect

Question 2

measures of central tendency

Answer 2

Mean , Median , Mode

Question 3

measure of dispersion

Answer 3

varience , standard deviation , range

Question 4

labatory experimenter

Answer 4

Iv is manipulated by a researcher and takes place in a labatory or a contrived setting away from the particapents normal surroundings

Question 5

field experiment

Answer 5

the iv is manipulated by researcher and research is carried out on particapents in their normal surroundings

Question 6

quasi experiment

Answer 6

The iv is naturally occurring and not manipulated by researchers

Question 7

advantages of labatory experiments

Answer 7

highly externally valid as we can control for extranous variables

highly reliable as the research environment can be replicated

Question 8

disadvantages of labatory experiments

Answer 8

low ecological validity -
demand characteristics
risk of experimenter bias

Question 9

ecological validity

Answer 9

the extent to which research can be generalised to real life settings , situations and daily experience. how well the study leads to a result which would realistically happen.

Question 10

demand characteristics

Answer 10

particapents discover the aim of the study and alter their behaviour to fit expectations

Question 11

social desirability bias

Answer 11

when a particapent alters their response to appear to have a more more socially acceptable response

Question 12

researcher bias

Answer 12

when a researchers beliefs or expectations unitnetinally influence study outcomes , reducing validity

Question 13

sample bias

Answer 13

when a sample is not representative of the target population and over / under represents certain charactericitsics

Question 14

ethnocentrism

Answer 14

culutrally bias to favour a certain culutre -

Question 15

population valdiity

Answer 15

the extent to which the research can be generalised to a target population

Question 16

internal valdity

Answer 16

the extent to which a study demonstrates accurately that changes in the Dv is caused by the IV and not due to extranous variables or other confounding variables.

Question 17

external validity

Answer 17

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalised to other populations, settings, or real-life situations.

Question 18

internal reliability

Answer 18

The extent to which a measure or test produces consistent results within the study.

Question 19

advantages of field experiments

Answer 19

high ecological validity
lower demand characteristics as particapents tend to not realise theyre being studied

Question 20

advantages of quasi experiment

Answer 20

ethically better - can produce usually ethically controversial Ivs
high ecological validity

Question 21

disadvantages of field experiments

Answer 21

low internal validity - less controls over extranous variables
low external relaibilty - hard to replicate
possibly less ethical as particapents may not know theyre being studied when in unassuming environments

Question 22

disadvanatges of quasi experiments

Answer 22

may be hard to find particular nonresearch manipulated Ivs naturally.
low validity - no control over extranous variables that couldve impacted DV

Question 23

repeated measures

Answer 23

the same people are used in each condition

Question 24

independent measures

Answer 24

different people are used in each comditon

Question 25

matched pairs design

Answer 25

different people in each condition but an effort is made to match particapents to one another based on a specific characterise particapents.

Question 26

repeated measures advantage

Answer 26

reduced indivudal differences - changes in 2 conditons cannot be down to indivudal differences as its the same person fewer particapents needed.

Question 27

individual differences advanatge

Answer 27

not effected by order effect - more valid

Question 28

practice effect

Answer 28

particapents performance is better in the later condition as theyve had time to practice and thus result is less valid

Question 29

fatigue effects

Answer 29

boredom or tiredness from already doing a condition worsens performance and thus result is less valid

Question 30

single blind

Answer 30

particapents do not know the aim of the study

Question 31

double blind

Answer 31

particapent and person carrying out the research do not know the same

Question 32

double blind advantage

Answer 32

reduces researcher bias and demand characteristis making the study more internallly valid

Question 33

alternative hypothesis

Answer 33

predicts that the Iv will have an effect on the DV

Question 34

Null hypthesis

Answer 34

predicts that the iv will have no effect on the dv

Question 35

what is operationlising

Answer 35

making variables measurable and testable

Question 35

targte population

Answer 35

the group of people the researcher interested in studying

Question 35

4 key ethical conditon

Answer 35

respect , integrity , competency , responsibility

Question 35

respect what falls under

Question 35

competence what falls under

Question 36

integreity what falls under

Question 37

responsibility what falls under