- Sun (a star) - 8 planets - Dwarf planets - Natural satellites (moons) - Asteroid belt (Mars and Jupiter) - Comets (frozen rocks that move around the sun in ellipitcal orbits)

- Cloud of dust and gas - Pulled together by gravitational attraction

P2: Space Flashcards by Masha Kraskova

What is in our star

Sun (a star)
8 planets
Dwarf planets
Natural satellites (moons)
Asteroid belt (Mars and Jupiter)
Comets (frozen rocks that move around the sun in ellipitcal orbits)

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What is the order of the planets

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Noodles

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Where is our solar system

Milky way galaxy

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What is the life cycle of the star

Nebula –> Protostar –> Main sequence star
(smaller, like our sun) Red giant –> white dwarf –> black dwarf
(bigger than our sun) Red Super Giant –> Supernova
- (smaller) –> neutron star
- (bigger) –> black hole

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What is a nebula

Cloud of dust and gas
Pulled together by gravitational attraction

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How is a protostar formed

Particles in a nebula get faster and collide more
Gas warms up and becomes hot enough to glow

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How is a main sequence star formed

As a protostar becomes more dense more collisions take place
- it gets hotter
It gets hot enough for hydrogen to fuse
- forming helium

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Why does a main sequence star remain a main sequnce star

Gravitational attraction pulling on the gas (gravity)
is balanced (equilibrium)
by the outward force of radition (radiation pressure) from nuclear fusion in core

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What stage is our sun at

Main sequence star
formed 4.5 billion years ago

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Why do we have uranium

Uranium and heavy elements
formed in supernova from susion
sun must have formed from remnants of supernova

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How are red giants formed

Star will start to run out of hydrogen to fuse
core collapses
outer layers swell
cool down
Helium and light elements fuse in the core of a red giant

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How are white dwarfs formed

Helium and light elements fuse in the core of a red giant
No more light elements available
- fusion stops
- no more radiation
star collapses

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How are black dwarfs formed

White dwarfs
fade out

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How are red super giants created

A massive (bigger than our sun) main sequence star runs out of hydrogen to fuse
core collapses
outer layers swell
cool down
Helium and light elements fuse in the core of a red super giant

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How are supernovas created

Helium and light elements fuse in the core of a red super giant
No more light elements
- fusion stops
- no more radition
- collapses –> Super nova

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How are neutron stars formed

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Explosion of supernova
compresses the (small) core into a nuetron star
dense and made of only neutrons

How are black holes formed

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explosion of supernova
if supernova was MASSIVE then blackhole formed
gravitational field so strong nothing escapes
```
- not even light
```

Why do orbits exists

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Speed is balanced
with gravitational force (gravity)n

What is a satellite

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Something that orbits a celestial body
- star
- planet
- moon
can be natural
- moon or planets
or artificial
```
- ISS 
```
- GPS

Describe a circular orbit

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Constant speed
changing direction
so velocity is constantly changing
therefore accelerating towards centre of circle
acceleration = change in velocity/second

What happens if an orbiting object speeds up

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Move to higher orbit
If fast enough it will escape the gravitational pull and fly off to space

What happens if an orbiting object slows down

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fall into lower orbit
- closer to earth
If too slow it will crash into earth

What is the doppler effect

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change in frequency and wavelength
because wavesource moves relative to an observer
- moves closer to you and then further

Dopper effect in stars

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red shift

Explain red shift

- Spectrum of light from sun has absorbtion lines where hydrogen and helium (in the sun) have absorbed light - Light waves are streched out if a star or galaxy is moving away from an observer - wavelength increases - light (seen by the absorption spectrum lines shifting) is shifted towards red (longer) end of visible spectrum

Blue - shift

- If a star or galaxy is moving towards the observer - Light waves compress - wavelength becomes shorter - shifted to blue end of visible light spectrum

What is red-shift evidence for

- That galaxies are moving apart from eachother - the universe is expanding - the faster a star is moving away from the observer the greater the effect of red shift - the further away a galaxy is from observer the faster they move

What is the big bang theory

- 14 million years ago - universe was very small, extremely hot and dangerous region - there was an explosion and whole universe expanded outwards

What is evidence for the big band theory

- Red shift - At some point light must have had extremely short wavelength - everything moving apart suggests that everything came from a centralised region

CMBR --> Big Bang?

- Microwaves were discovered coming from every direction - Microwaves had been redshifted - must have been large energitic event - Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Other theories for origin of the universe

- Steady State - Universe has always existed - Universe is expanding - Constantly creating matter as universe expands - not supported by CMBR

What will happen to our universe

- Depends on total mass of universe - havent observed dark matter - Less dense = expand forever --> big yawn - stars will die out - universe will cool - more dense = stop expanding and collapse --> Big Crunch - scientist think universe has gone through cycles of this

Balloon model

- Draw marks on outside of balloon - when blown up marks move away from eachother - red-shift and expanding universe - easier to understand that galaxies don't move but space inbetween them does

Balloon Model inaccuracies

- No galaxies inside the balloon - could burst

P2: Space Flashcards

(34 cards)