1
Q
What does PMESII-PT Stand For?
A
- Political
- Military
- Economic
- Social
- Information
- Infrastructure
- Physical Environment
8, Time
2
Q
What does METT-TC Stand For?
A
- Mission
- Enemy
- Terrain and Weather
- Troops and Support Available
- Time Available
- Civil Considerations
3
Q
What is the JFAC
A
Joint Forces Air Commander
4
Q
What is the FSCL
A
Fire Support Coordinating Line
5
Q
What are the Actions of Unified Land Operations?
A
- Offensive
- Defensive
- Stability
- Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA)
6
Q
On the offense, what proportion of advantage do you want?
A
3 to 1
7
Q
What does FLOT Stand for?
A
Forward Line of Troops: Farthest line of friendly troops
8
Q
What does FEBA Stand for?
A
Forward Edge of Battle: Main line of contact, may have reconaissance forces beyond this line
9
Q
What is a BHL?
A
Battle Handover Line; Guard force withdraws and main force takes over
10
Q
What is a CFL?
A
Coordinated Firing Line; Division may establish so the Fires have a line they can fire past without worrying about fratricide. Between the FLOT and the FISCL
11
Q
What do you do when you “Fix” an enemy?
A
Making them stay in the same spot
12
Q
What are the main types of defense
A
Area Defense: Terrain focused
Mobile Defense: Destroying enemy while you withdraw
Retrograde: A movement of the command to the rear or away from the enemy
13
Q
What are the 3 Retrograde Defensive Tasks?
A
- Delay
- Withdrawal
- Retirement
14
Q
What is Unified Land Operations (ULO)?
A
Unified Action is a joint concept of all the forces working together to complete a mission. Unified Land Operations is the Armys Unique contribution to Unified Action
15
Q
What is Unified Action?
A
Joint Concept; The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort
16
Q
What are the Tenets of Operations?
A
- Simultaneity
- Depth
- Synchronization
- Flexibility
17
Q
What are the Principles of Operations?
A
- Mission command
- Develop the situation through action
- Combined arms
- Adhere to law of war
- Establish and maintain security
- Create multiple dilemmas for the enemy
18
Q
What are the Elements of Operational Art?
A
- End state and conditions
- Center of gravity
- Decisive points
- Lines of operations and lines of effort
- Operational reach
- Basing
- Tempo
- Phasing and transitions
- Culmination
- Risk
- Defeat and stability mechanisms
19
Q
What is Operational Art?
A
- The pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose
- Operational Art is the creation of a series of tactical actions (nested in purpose) to achieve an operational end state or objective
20
Q
What is End State and Conditions as it relates to Operational Art?
A
- A set of desired future conditions the commander wants to exist when an operation ends.
- Should be clearly defined, conclusive, and attainable.
- Promotes unity of effort.
- May evolve as an operation progresses (continuous assessment).
- Should anticipate future operations and set conditions for transitions.
21
Q
What is Center of Gravity as it relates to Operational Art?
A
- The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, and will to act.
- Loss of COG can ultimately result in defeat.
22
Q
What is Decisive Points as it relates to Operational Art?
A
- Decisive point (DP) – a geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.
- A key characteristic of decisive points is their importance to center of gravity; Decisive points often seen as weaknesses because of this
23
Q
What is the difference between Lines of Operations and Lines of Effort as it relates to Operational Art?
A
- Lines of Operations are Lines that define the directional orientation of a force in time and space in relation to the enemy and links the force with its base of operations and objectives.
- Lines of Effort are Lines that link multiple tasks / missions using the logic of purpose (cause and effect) rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions.
24
Q
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Interior Lines as it relates to Lines of Operations?
A
Interior Lines:
-Operations diverge from a central position.
Advantages:
-Reinforce or concentrate elements faster than the enemy force can reposition.
-Shorter, more secure lines of communication.
Disadvantages:
-Usually defensive, allowing freedom of maneuver to the enemy.
25
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Exterior Lines as it relates to Lines of Operations?
Exterior Lines:
-Operations converge on the enemy.
Advantages:
-Offer opportunities to encircle and annihilate an enemy force.
-Can attack simultaneously along enemy’s defensive line to prevent massing of forces.
Disadvantages:
-Possibility of extended, unprotected lines of communication.
26
What is Operational Reach as it relates to Operational Art?
- The distance and duration over which a force can successfully employ military capabilities.
- Our ability to perform sustained military efforts over time
27
What is Basing as it relates to Operational Art?
- Bases and base camps establish and maintain strategic reach for deploying forces and ensure sufficient operational reach to extend operations in time and space.
- Strategic and operational reach initially depend upon basing in the area of responsibility and overflight rights.
28
What is Tempo as it relates to Operational Art?
- The relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy.
- Maintain pressure on the enemy
29
What is Phasing and Transitions as it relates to Operational Art?
- Phase:planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity; a change in phase usually involves a change of mission, task organization, or rules of engagement.
- Transition: Switch between phases
30
What is Culmination as it relates to Operational Art?
- Point in time and space at which a force no longer possesses the capability to continue its current form of operations.
- Represents a decisive shift in relative combat power.
31
What is Risk as it relates to Operational Art?
- Risk, uncertainty, and chance are inherent in all operations. When commanders accept risk, they create opportunities to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.
32
What are Defeat Mechanisms as it relates to Operational Art?
- A method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy opposition.
33
What are Stability Mechanisms as it relates to Operational Art?
- The primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace.
34
What are the 7 steps of the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP)?
1. Receipt of Mission
2. Mission Analysis
3. COA Development
4. COA Analysis (War Game)
5. COA Comparison
6. COA Approval
7. Orders production, Dissemination, and Transition
35
What are Decisive, Shaping, and Sustainment Operations?
Decisive operation (DO) – directly accomplishes the mission and commander’s intent.
Shaping operation (SO) – establishes conditions for the DO through effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain.
Sustaining operation – enables the DO or SO(s) by generating and maintaining combat power.
36
What is the difference between Main Effort and Supporting Efforts?
Main effort (ME) – the designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall mission success.
Supporting effort (SE) – designated subordinate unit with missions that support the success of the ME.
37
What are the 5 Paragraphs of an OPORD?
- Situation
- Mission
- Execution
- Sustainment
- Command and Signal
38
What are the Tactical Mission Tasks?
- Attack By Fire, Block, Breach, Bypass, Canalize, Clear, Contain, Control, Defeat, Destroy, Disengage, Disrupt, Exfiltrate, Fix, Follow and Assume, Follow and Support, Interdict, Isolate, Neutralize, Occupy, Reduce, Retain, Secure, Seize, Support by Fire, Suppress
39
What is the Definition of Attack By Fire?
Uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy without closing with him to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive him.
40
What is the Definition of Block?
Denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. May also be an obstacle effect.
41
What is the Definition of Breach?
Employs all available means to break through or secure a passage through enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification.
42
What is the Definition of Bypass?
Directs a unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain momentum while avoiding combat with an enemy force.
43
What is the Definition of Canalize?
Restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver.
44
What is the Definition of Clear?
Remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance in an assigned area.
45
What is the Definition of Contain?
Stop, hold, or surround an enemy or cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent the withdrawing of any part of their forces.
46
What is the Definition of Control?
Maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions for successful friendly operations.
47
What is the Definition of Defeat?
Occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight.
48
What is the Definition of Destroy?
Physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted.
49
What is the Definition of Disengage?
Break contact with the enemy to allow the conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement.
50
What is the Definition of Disrupt?
Integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation, tempo, timetable, or cause his forces to commit prematurely.
51
What is the Definition of Exfiltrate?
A commander removes Soldiers or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means.
52
What is the Definition of Fix?
Prevent the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period of time.
53
What is the Definition of Follow and Assume?
A second committed force follows a force conducting an offensive operation and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attritted, or unable to continue.
54
What is the Definition of Follow and Support?
A second committed force follows and supports a lead force conducting an offensive operation.
55
What is the Definition of Interdict?
Prevent, disrupt, or delay the enemy’s use of an area or route.
56
What is the Definition of Isolate?
Seal off, both physically and psychologically, an enemy from his sources of support, deny freedom of movement, and prevent enemy unit contact with other enemy forces.
57
What is the Definition of Neutralize?
Render enemy personnel or material incapable of interfering with a particular operation.
58
What is the Definition of Isolate?
Move into an area so that the force can control the entire area. Both movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.
59
What is the Definition of Reduce?
The destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force..
60
What is the Definition of Retain?
Ensure that a terrain feature already controlled by a friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use.
61
What is the Definition of Secure?
Prevent a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action.
62
What is the Definition of Seize?
Take possession of a designated area using overwhelming force.
63
What is the Definition of Support by Fire?
A maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force.
64
What is the Definition of Suppress?
Temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapon system below the level needed to accomplish its mission.
