PACES

Question 1

What are the internal manifestaions of scleroderma

Answer 1

1. Pulmonary Hypertension -PAP >25mmHg
2. ILD - Annual Spirometry with gas transfer
3. Reanl crisis - reduction in the glormerular blood flow and activation of RAS»_space; Malignant HTN and rapidly progressive renal failure
4. GI - fiborosis .» dysphagia, GI reflux, vomiting, SBO and anal incontinence

Question 2

what are the anti-phospholipid antibodies

Answer 2

1. Anit-cardolipin antibody
2. Lupus anticouaglant
3. beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibody IgM and IgG

They must positive persistently -.i,e when the test is repeated 12 weeks apart

Question 3

Indications for VATS

Answer 3

o wedge resection or segmentectomy
o lobectomy
o decortication
o bullectomy
o treatment of recurrent pneumothoraces.

a VATS lobectomy you will see three scars on the left chest wall including a 10-cm transverse incision on the lateral chest.

Question 4

Indication for Lobectomy

Answer 4

o lung cancer
o aspergilloma
o tuberculosis
o lung abscess.