polyamidation
- double ended carboxylic acid + double ended amine
- cut out -OH (from acid) and -H from amine in middle to get H2O,
- Chop -OH and -H off each end
- bracket
- ends with water (2n-1) waters when each are double ended
polyesterification
- double ended carboxylic acid + double ended alcohol
- produces an ester
polyesterfication
- carboxylic acid at one end of molecule
- alcohol at other
- cut off -OH at carboxylic end
- cut off - H at alcohol end
- put brackets
- produces (2n-1) H2O
acid chloride
an acid chloride is cimilar to a carboxylic acid, but in an acid chlordie the -OH of the carboxylic acid has been replaced by a chlorine atom
Acid Chloride + Alcohol rxn
produces ester and HCl
Acid Chloride + Amine
= amide + HCl
Acid Chloride + Phenol Rxn
Ester + HCl
How to make a phosphate ester
Phosphoric Acid + Alcohol ⇔ phosphate ester + water
- name by citing the right side of the ester then dihydrogen phosphate
Products when two molecules of phosphoric acid react together
pyrophosphoric acid + water
What are products when 3 molecules of phosphoric acid react together when heated?
triphosphoric acid + 2H2O
Advantages of making esters from acid chlorides rather than carboxylic acids?
- 100% conversion
- don’t need catalyst
- faster
Disadvantages of making esters from acid chlorides versus carboxylic acids
- dangerous
- more expensive
- HCl products dangerous
Is joining together of phosphoric acid units into chains exothermic or endothermic?
endothermic
Is breakdown of ATP into ADP exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic
Is builiding up of AMP into ADP exothermic or endothermic?
endothermic
