3 Most common structural cardiac anomalies associated with Infantile (pre-ductal) Coarctation of the Aorta?
PDA is most common (66%)
Bicuspid aortic valve is second (50%)
VSD is third (33%)
Absolute contraindications to air reduction of intussusception are:
1) …
2) …
This suggests bowel necrosis/ischaemia, which requires immediate surgery.
Signs of perforation/peritonitis
Severe sepsis/irreversible shock
Which type of tracheo-oesophageal fistula is most common by far?
Type C - proximal osopheageal atresia with distal oesophageal fistula.
egg on string sign of a cyanotic congenital heart disease?
Transposition of great arteries
Which type of TGA of the heart (congenital cyanosis) needs prostaglandins prior to surgery?
D-type TGA
(death without Prostaglandins)
DNET Tumours have a soap bubbly appearance and commonly cause … of the bones?
Cortical dysplasia/scalloping of the skull
Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) affects which lobes most commonly?
Left upper lobe
Right middle lobe is 2nd
What is the definitive test required to diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease?
Rectal Suction Biopsy (to look for the absence of ganglion cells).
What is the classic radiographic finding that suggests Hirschsprung’s on a contrast enema?
Abrupt change in caliber at the rectosigmoid junction, with a narrow, spastic aganglionic rectum and a dilated, obstructed proximal sigmoid
Horseshoe kidney is associated with which syndromes? (3) and what are 3 important associations?
Downs
Turners
Edwards
Wilms tumour
TCC of renal pelvis
renal calculi.
Horseshoe kidney has which 3 important associations?
Wilms tumour
TCC of renal pelvis
renal calculi.
Replogel tube is used for …?
Oesophageal atresia
Metaphyseal corner fractures are specific for …?
NAI
When is a CT head + skeletal survey required in paediatric NAI?
If CT Head is positive after suspected NAI, what imaging do we do?
If kids <1yr with trauma
MRI brain and Spine after 2-5 days.
& Repeat skeletal survey at 11-14 days
If CT Head is positive after suspected NAI, what imaging do we do?
MRI brain and Spine after 2-5 days.
Repeat skeletal survey at 11-14 days
What bony views does a primary survey include (for NAI)?
2 chest views
whole lateral spine
XR Abdomen AP
2 skull views
AP and lateral of all long bones
Coned AP and lateral of all large joints
CPAM Type 1 cysts?
> 2cm
CPA Type 2 cysts?
<2cm
CPAM Type 3 cysts?
Large solid looking, poor prognosis
All antenatally detected CPAM should be imaged with … after birth
CT Thorax (due to risk of malignant transformation)
Intralobar vs extralobar pulmonary sequestration?
- venous drainage, pleural layers, arterial supply?
Can they be found outside the thorax?
Extralobar - systemic or PV drainage, double pleural layered
Intralobar - pulmonary venous drainage, single layer of pleura.
Both have systemic supply from main aorta.
Can be seen at adrenal regions! CT should extend down to upper abdomen.
What happens with congenital lobar overinflation? (CLO)
Progressive congenital air trapping and overinflation of one lobe
Top 3 locations for a CLO?
Left upper lobe (45%)
Right middle lobe (30%)
Right upper lobe (20%)
Small or large lung volumes?
- RDS
- Pneumonia
- TTN
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Rds - small
pneumonia - small
TTN - normal/large
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - large
