Paediatrics

Question 1

Name the 6 grades of murmur

Answer 1

1. Soft
2. Ok
3. Loud
4. Loud + thrill
5. Thrill + heard with steth edge
6. Thrill + heard with steth off

Question 2

Murmur: name 7 ways to recognize a pathological one.

Answer 2

Sx
Cyanosis 
Grade 3 or higher 
Thrill
Diastolic
Abnormal heart sounds 
Pulse abnormally strong or weak

Question 3

When does the ductus arteriosis close?

Answer 3

Functionally - a few days

Anatomically - a few weeks

Question 4

What does the PDA allow?

Where is the PDA

Answer 4

Bypass of blood away from the lungs and into the aorta.

PDA is a duct from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Question 5

What structure links the atria?

Answer 5

Foramen ovale

Question 6

At what age is most congenital heart disease Dx?

Why are murmurs not always detected before then?

Answer 6

One month (Sx by then)
Flow is too low to be heard.