Give 3 signs of respiratory distress in a child
- Tachypnoea, RR 40-60
- Subcostal and intercostal recession
- Stridor
- Tracheal tug
- Cyanosis
Describe the epidemiology of ADHD
5% school aged children
M:F = 4:1
Describe the aetiology of ADHD
Genetic and environmental
Neuroanatomical and neurochemical factors
CNS insults, e.g. FAS or premature
What are the 3 core behaviours of ADHD?
- Hyperactivity
- Inattention
- Impulsivity
ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of hyperactivity
- Fidgety
- Talkative
- Noisy
- Can’t remain seated
ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of impulsivity
- Blurts out answers
- Interrupts
- Difficulty waiting turns
- When older, pregnancy and drug abuse
ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of inattention
- Easily distracted
- Not listening
- Mind wandering
- Struggling at school
- Forgetful
- Organisational problems
What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?
6/9 inattentive symptoms and 6/9 hyeractivity/impulsivity.
The symptoms are present before 12 years and occur in more than one place and in a primary setting. There is clear evidence that symptoms interfere with social/academic function
What tools can be used in order to diagnose ADHD?
- Clinical interview - any RFs for ADHD?
- ADHD nurse classroom observation
- Questionnaires (SNAP)
- Quantitative behavioural (QB) analysis
Describe the treatment for ADHD
- Education
- Parenting programmes and school support
- Medications e.g. methylphenidate
Why is it important to do a cardiac assessment before prescribing medications to help treat a child with ADHD?
Some ADHD medications can affect HR and BP
Describe the epidemiology of AuSD
1% prevalence
Boys > girls
Give 4 signs of AuSD
- Communication problems
- Social interaction difficulties
- Social imagination difficulties
- Sensory issues
AuSD signs: what communication problems might a child show?
- Challenges with non-verbal communication
- Lack of desire to communicate
- Tendency to communicate needs only
- Very literal, no understanding of jokes
AuSD signs: what social interaction difficulties may a child show?
- Overly friendly/shy
- Struggles to understand social roles
- No desire to interact
- Touches inappropriately, plays alone, poor eye contact, finds it hard to take turns
AuSD signs: what social imagination problems might a child show?
- Struggles with change
- Obsessions/rituals
- Repetitive with play
- Unable to play/write imaginatively
Describe the treatment for AuSD
- Education and games to encourage social communication
- Visual aids and timetables
- Parenting workshops and school liaison
There are no medications available for AuSD
What are the liver dependent clotting factors?
2, 7, 9, 10
Give 2 coagulopathies
- Von Willebrand disease
2. Haemophilia
