Paediatrics - Developmental Delay

Question 1

Problems with hearing can be split into what two types of problems?

Answer 1

• sensorineural

- conductive

Question 2

conductive problems tend to…

Answer 2

just reduce volume of sound

Question 3

sensorineural problems tend too..

Answer 3

reduce volume and quality of sound.

Question 4

what is the most common cause of congenital sensorineural deafness?

Answer 4

cytomegalovirus

Question 5

What is TORCH screen?

Answer 5

• group of blood tests
• checks for
  1. toxoplasmosis
  2. rubella cytomegalovirus
  3. herpes simplex
  4. HIV

5. Syphillis

Question 6

how is congenital CMV treated, if identified early?

Answer 6

• ganciclovir
• valganciclovir
• to improve sensorioneural hearing outcomes

Question 7

not walking by what month is a red flag for development?

Answer 7

• not walking by 18 months

Question 8

movement is initiated by what cortex in the brain?

Answer 8

• motor cortex
• this then descends through corticospinal tracts
• synapses onto lower motor neuron at anterior horn of spinal cord
• then passed via lower motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction to the muscle

Question 9

what is required for the cooridnation of complex movement in thebrian?

Answer 9

• feedback from the basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 10

what investigations should be indicated in a patient with suspected DMD?

Answer 10

• Creatine kinase
• DMD associated with elevated CK
• creatine phosphate used to replenish ATP in muscles at times of high energy demand
• creatine kinase catalyses this muscle
• large quantities in blood therefore suggestive of muscle damage of breakdown