PAMS

Question 1

cryotherapy modalities and benefits

Answer 1

• ice massage, cold packs, cold water immersion baths, cool whirlpools, vapocoolant sprays
• pain relief, decreased edema, decreased muscle spasms, decreased inflammation, decreased metabolic activity, reduced nerve conduction

Question 2

contraindications for cryotherapy

Answer 2

avoid with clients who have impaired circulation, peripheral vascular disease, hypersensitivity to cold, impaired sensation, open wounds, or infections

Question 3

thermotherapy modalities and benefits

Answer 3

• warm whirlpools, fluidotherapy, hot packs, contrast baths, paraffin baths
• increase blood flow, increase cell metabolism, increase inflammation, increase muscle contraction, increase capillary permeability, increase oxygen consumption, decrease fluid viscosity, decrease muscle spasms, decrease pain

Question 4

thermotherapy contraindications

Answer 4

avoid use with clients with acute inflammation, edema, sensory impairment, cancer, blood clot, infection, cardiac stuff, impaired cognition

Question 5

ultrasound benefits

Answer 5

• thermal effects: increase tissue extensability, blood flow, decrease pain/ joint stiffness/ muscle spasm/ chronic inflammation
• nonthermal: increase protein synthesis/ bone healing/ decrease inflammation
• phonoresis is a type of ultrasound

Question 6

What is phonophoresis?

Answer 6

-phonophoresis: use of ultrasound to promote absorption of topically applied medication to accelerate tissue repair and decrease inflammation

Question 7

ultrasound contraindications

Answer 7

• avoid use with pregnancy, over eyes, pacemaker, bleeding, infections, cancer, blood clots, growth plates of bones
• be cautious when using w/ inflammation, fractures, breast implants, clients with cognitive, language, or sensory impairments

Question 8

NMES effects (electric stimulation)

Answer 8

wound healing, maintains muscle mass, increases ROM, decreases edema, facilitates voluntary motor control, decreases spasm and spasticity and can be used as an orthotic sub

Question 9

TENS effects (electric stimulation)

Answer 9

controls pain

Question 10

Iontophoresis effects (electric stimulation)

Answer 10

decreases inflammation and controls pain

***be aware of possible drug allergies

Question 11

contraindications of electrical stimulation

Answer 11

do not use over pacemakers, carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes, clients with epilepsy, cancer, infection, decreased sensation, cardiac disease, and stroke
** be aware of drug allergies with iontophoresis

Question 12

low-level laser and light therapy effets

Answer 12

decreased pain/edema/inflammation; increased wound healing; decreased scar tissue

Question 13

contraindications of low-level laser and light therapy

Answer 13

wear protective eyewear when using laser; do not use over vagus nerve; carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes, infection, endocrine glands, or cancer

Question 14

Primary wound closure

Answer 14

Wound is closed with sutures

Question 15

Secondary wound closure

Answer 15

Wound is left open and allowed to close on its own

Question 16

Delayed primary wound closure

Answer 16

Wound is cleaned, debrided, and observed 4 to 5 days before suturing it closed

Question 17

Which describes the process of wound healing:
A. Proliferative phase, then inflammatory phase, then remodeling phase
B. Remodeling phase, then proliferative, then inflammatory phase
C. Inflammatory phase, then proliferative phase, then remodeling phase
D. Inflammatory phase, then remodeling, then proliferative

Answer 17

C. Inflammatory, then proliferative, then remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following is usually NOT documented with wound healing?
A. Anatomical location and area of wound
B. Length, width, depth, and shape of wound
C. Color and presence of necrotic tissue
D. Description of wound exudate
E. All of the above are documented

Answer 18

E. All of the above are documented along with granulation and epithelial tissue at wound margins and description of surrounding intact skin

Question 19

All of the following are local wound healing factors EXCEPT which?
A. presence of foreign debris
B. HIV, AIDS
C. necrotic tissue or eschar
D. infection with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Pseudomonas
E. Repeated trauma, decreased blood supply, or hypoxic tissue

Answer 19

B. The presence of HIV, AIDS is a systemic factor