Filter rows where column > value
df[df[‘col’] > x]
Select rows with multiple conditions
df[(df[‘a’] > 0) & (df[‘b’] == ‘x’)]
Create a new column
df[‘total’] = df[‘a’] + df[‘b’]
Group by and aggregate
df.groupby(‘cat’)[‘val’].mean()
Count rows per group
df.groupby(‘cat’).size()
Fill missing values
df[‘x’].fillna(df[‘x’].median())
Sort by multiple columns
df.sort_values([‘a’,’b’], ascending=[True,False])
Drop duplicates
df.drop_duplicates(subset=’id’)
Apply function row-wise
df[‘y’] = df[‘x’].apply(f)
Merge DataFrames
df1.merge(df2, on=’id’, how=’left’)