what does Nitrozomonas do?
converts ammonium to nitrite
(NH4+ ———-> NO2-)
what does Nitrobacter do?
converts nitrite to nitrate
NO2- ——->NO3-
what does azotobacter do?
converts nitrogen in air to ammonium
(nitrogen fixing)
what does rhizobium do and where is it found?
converts nitrogen gas to ammonium and is found in root nodules of legumes
what does psuedomonas do?
-converts nitrate to nitrogen gas
- found in waterlogged soil
What is NPP and what is the units?
the plant biomass that is available to the consumer (herbivore). Does NOT include energy used in respiration
Kj m^-2 y^-1
what occurs in glycolysis
1- glucose is converted to hexose phosphate using 2 ATP
2- hexose phosphate is split into two molecules of triose phosphate
3- each TP phosphorylates 2 molecules of ADP to form ATP. They also reduce NAD to NADH (reduced NAD). The end product is pyruvate!
what occurs in link reaction
pyruvate is decarboxylated and also reduces NAD.
Co enzyme A also joins to form acetyl CoA.
what occurs in Krebs cycle
-acetyl joins 4C to form a 6C (citrate). this is decarboxylated and also reduces NAD.
-[5C] decarboxylated once more to [4C]
- reduces 3 NAD
reduces 1 FAD
-phosphorylates one molecule of ADP
why is oxygen described as final electron acceptor
2 electrons + 2H+ + 1/2O2 = H2O
condition needed for germination
suitable temperature
water
oxygen
conditions for a normal distribution
mean and mode is same range
bell shaped curve-symmetrical around the mean
what is a facultative anaerobe
bacteria that can respire aerobically and anaerobically
why secondary succession is faster than primary
soil is already present
seeds and roots are already present
stages of gram staining
1) Stain with crystal violet - binds to peptidoglycan
2) treat with mordant Lugol’s iodine to fix stain to peptidoglycan
3) wash with alcohol/ethanol-removes any unbound crystal violet
4) counter stain with safranin-lipopolysaccharide layer.
what colour and meaning of gram positive
purple
thick peptidoglycan cell wall
what colour and meaning of gram negative
pink/red
thin peptidoglycan cell wall
lipolysaccharide layer
mm to micro meters(um)
x by 1000
