1
Q
Why do Buddhists chant?
A
- To remind them of their vow a or Buddhist moral teachings
- To remind them of the purpose of their practises
- To induce spiritual states of mind and reduce suffering
- Requires mindfulness of breath so form of meditation
- To learn and recall teachings of the Buddha
2
Q
Teaching for chanting:
A
Pure Land Buddhists chant in order to be reborn in the Buddha-field of Ambitabha Buddha
Namu amida butsu
3
Q
What are 7 forms of worship?
A
Mala
Meditation
Altar
Chanting
Mantra
Puja
Offerings
4
Q
What are mala beads?
A
Buddhist prayer beads used to count the number of times a mantra is recited, breaths whilst meditating, counting prostrations or repetitions of Buddhas name
5
Q
What is meditation?
A
Techniques that aim to develop mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight.
Focus on one’s breath, letting go of thoughts and fully accepting the present moment
6
Q
What is an altar?
A
Usually feature a statue or symbol of the Buddha and serve as a focal point of worship
7
Q
What is chanting?
A
A form of musical verse or incantation to recall specific teachings, to invoke spiritual states, to enter Buddha field
8
Q
What is a mantra?
A
A sequence of words or syllables that are chanted repetitively as parts of Buddhist practises
To invoke enlightenment or associated spiritual states of mind
9
Q
What is puja?
A
An expression of honour, worship or devotional attention
10
Q
What are offerings?
A
Made at altars, express generosity for all living beings and demonstrating Annica
Offerings such as flowers,
11
Q
What are some features of a Buddhist shrine and their representations?
A
- Flowers for annica
- Incense, morality, right speech and action
- Rupa, statue of Buddha as a focus for meditation
- Food offering, offering of metta
- Candle, light symbolising Buddhas enlightenment
- Water, perfume, aids for meditation
12
Q
A
13
Q
What is a mantra for paying homage to the Buddha?
A
Skakyamuni mantra
Asks for universe to bring that nature out in you
14
Q
What is a mantra for asking for assistance in reliving pain and suffering?
A
Medecine Buddha mantra
Clear paths for enlightenment
15
Q
What is a mantra for asking the universe to help you overcome obstacles in life?
A
Amitabha mantra
Namu amdiha butsu
Enhances compassion
16
Q
What is meditation?
A
A psychological, spiritual practise is compatible with all religions
17
Q
What is samatha mediation?
A
Focussing on calming the mind and awareness of the body and breath
Mental focus
18
Q
What parts of the 8 fold path does samatha meditation follow?
A
Right concentration mindfulness and effort
19
Q
What is vipassana meditation?
A
Focus on intention to achieve enlightenment and the Dhamma
20
Q
What parts of the 8 fold path does vipassana meditation achieve?
A
Right intention and view
21
Q
What does loving kindness meditation do?
A
Focus on the ethics of living
Right speech action and livelihood
22
Q
Buddhist quote teaching about meditation:
A
Meditation brings wisdom: lack of meditation leaves ignorance
Buddha, Deer Park sermon at Sarnath
23
Q
What are kasinas used for?
A
Focus for meditation, including water earth fire and colours like blue and red bowl of water
24
Q
What does meditation help develop?
A
A calm focussed mind
Deeper insight into the nature of reality
Develop loving kindness and compassion
25
What is the purpose of Buddhist retreats?
Deepen their understanding of Buddhas teachings and become part of the community, sharing the same spiritual journey through lectures and study groups
26
What is visualisation?
Imagining objects as a focus for meditation
27
What are some objects used for focuses during meditation?
Thangkas (paintings of the Buddha)
Mandalas ( elaborate, circular patterns of sand)
Rupa (statue of the Buddha)
28
29
What do pure land Buddhists visualise?
Amitabha Buddha
30
What do Tibetan Buddhists visualise?
Deities such as a boddhisattva considering the qualities of their character to help them to stimulate their Buddha nature
31
What is Zazen?
Japanese word literally meaning seated meditation, practised Zen Buddhism
Leading to a deeper understanding of the nature of existence
Beginning with sitting, relaxing, and period of mindful breathing.
As thoughts and experiences come and go the meditator returns again and again to the present moment
32
33
What does meditation do to the meditator?
Keeps them in a constant flow state
Annica
34
What do Buddhists do on a retreat?
Go to a monastery for a week or weekend and live with other people who share same faith practising Buddhist meditation or rituals.
Engage with lectures and study groups to deepen understanding
35
Types of meditation in Theravada Buddhism:
Metta
Samatha
Vipassana
36
Types of meditation in Mahayana Buddhism:
Zazen
Pure Land
Visualisations
37
What is vihara?
A Buddhist temple
38
What is the purpose of Buddhist temples?
Places that allow communities of Buddhists to come together to deepen faith and feel as sense of belonging with those on the same spiritual journey as them
39
What is the purpose of Buddhist shrines?
Remind Buddhists of key teachings
Focus for meditation
40
What is the purpose of Buddhist monasteries?
Allows laity to support the monks and nuns, focussed on the principle of giving to help laity gain good karma. Monks have more time to meditate as a result
41
What is the purpose of Buddhist halls of learning in temples?
To understand what the Buddha achieved in his lifetime, sharing important stories about nature of existence eg. Kisa Gotami and these are occasionally performed as methods to achieve learning in Buddhist Dharma
42
43
What is the purpose of Buddhist Puja?
Help Buddhists express how grateful they are to the Buddha for his teachings. And show respect
Helps Buddhists overcome suffering: one of 3 refuges ‘ to the Buddha for refuge I go’ by asking for answers
44
What is a temple called in Thailand?
Wat
45
What are stupas?
Buildings built over relics of great Buddhist teachers. Although Buddhist viharas vary in design from country to country the stupa is a common feature to all
46
Why do Buddhists circumambulate around stupas?
Literally means walking around
Bhikkhus and lay believers walk around and carry incense and lanterns usually 3 times to represent the 3 treasures
A way for a person to make a mindful connection with his or her own Buddha nature
47
What is a Japanese stupa known as?
Pagoda
48
What is the Lay Buddhist Sangha?
Members who don’t become monks or nuns and may have families and children
Practise Buddhism in the community
49
What does the Lay Sangha adhere to?
5 precepts
Donate money to supporting monastic Buddhists having earnt that money in an ethical way
50
What is the Monastic Sangha?
Members cannot have families of their own and must live celibate lives. Practise Buddhism in monasteries as monks or nuns
51
What must monastic Buddhists adhere to?
10 precepts
227 rules for monastic living
Cannot earn money and must live off donations alone
52
What is a bhikku?
Ordained monk
53
What possessions are bhikkus allowed and why?
A bowl to eat
3 robes
A belt to fix robe around waist
A sewing needle and thread to mend robes
A razor to shave head and beard
A water filter to use water without killing living beings and to filter impurities away
54
Why is the daily routine of a bhikku so strict?
To seek enlightenment the Buddhist must have mastered Buddhist teachings and lead a strict lifestyle
They give up all material possessions which would be hard for most people in society due to its materialistic nature- all about desires and attachment
55
What are the 5 extra precepts for monks?
Refrain from:
Eating after midday
Listening to music or dancing
Using perfume
Sleeping on a luxurious bed
Handling money
56
Why are their extra precepts for the monastic sangha?
Because Buddhists are trying to live a life of discipline like the Buddha. As their ultimate goal is enlightenment, which is not easy, the additional precepts help guide their actions in life and increase chances of reaching nirvana
57
What is the sangha?
Buddhist community
58
What are 4 places of Buddhist pilgrimage?
Lumbini
Bodh Gaya
Sarnath
Kusinara
59
Where is lumbini?
Birthplace of the Buddha
60
Where is Bodh Gaya?
The place of Buddhas enlightenment underneath the Bodhi Tree
61
Where is Sarnath?
Deer park, where Buddha delivered first sermon
62
Where is Kusinara?
Where Buddha died
63
What do Buddhists do at lumbini?
Put prayers to Buddha in the mayadevi temple walls
Meditate around the Ashoka pillar
To pay respect and homage T o the Buddha and his mother
64
What do Buddhists do at Bodh Gaya?
See original bodhi tree
Offerings of incense, flowers, money
See mayabodhi temples which is built on remains of 3 former sites
Prostrations
65
What do Buddhists do at Sarnath?
Appreciate the first turning of the wheel of the dharma and the source of it as a whole
Where the sangha was born so closer connection to Buddhist community
Visit stupa where Buddha delivered 1st sermon to ascetics he met prior to his enlightenment
Meditate and listen to teachings
66
What do Buddhists do at Kusinara?
Circumambulate around Ashokan pillar
Chant sutras
Offer white scarves to pay respect for his teachings and remember his death
Visit stupa and shrine room built over site where Buddha went into mana parinirvana (great blowing out)
67
What is karma?
The belief that all actions have consequences- ethical impulses behind a persons actions lead to happiness or suffering
68
How do Buddhists aim to get good karma?
Through skilful actions to reduce suffering in life for themselves and others, with the aim of eventually reaching enlightenment
69
What do Buddhists believe about the afterlife?
We can be reborn as different beings in different realms of life depending on our karma
‘Wheel of life’
70
What do Western Buddhists see the wheel of life as?
A state of rebirth within our current lives also
71
What do Tibetan Buddhists believe about the afterlife?
After death, humans are reborn into a new human existence but there is an intermediate state (bardo) between these 2 lives- the nature of those depends on a person karma
72
What do Chan and Zen Buddhists believe about the afterlife?
Clinging to beliefs about life after death (or anything at all) is an obstacle to peaceful meditation and a form of egocentric attachment and desire which Buddhists try to avoid
73
What are the 5 mora precepts?
Refrain from:
1. Harming living beings
2. Taking what is not freely given
3. Sexual misconduct
4. Harmful speech
5. Taking intoxicants
74
1st precept: encouraged actions
Karuna
Metta to all creatures
Consequences of actions: karma
75
2nd precept: encouraged actions
Dana: generosity
Right mindfulness, livelihood and action
76
3rd precept: encouraged actions
Loyalty
Considerate to others
Acting responsibly without 3 poisons
77
4th precept: encouraged actions
Truthful
Metta
Right speech
78
5th precept: encouraged actions
Clear mind for meditation and awareness of actions: skilful
Right action
79
What are the 6 perfections?
Dana generosity
Sila morality
Virya energy
Konti patience
Dhyana concentration
Prajna wisdom
80
Metta
Loving kindness
81
Karuna
Compassion
One of 4 sublime states
82
What is the purpose of Dana ?
Giving without expecting anything in return and considering motives when giving
Karma, skill full actions
83
What is the purpose of sila?
Follow 5 Precepts to live good and moral lives
84
What is the purpose of virya?
Buddhists should put as much energy into their practise of the dhamma as possible to cultivate the courage and enthusiasm needed to strive for enlightenment over many lifetimes
85
What is the purpose of prajna?
All 5 perfections contribute to wisdom. Through meditation, study of the dharma and acting morally, Buddhists can develop a full understanding of reality
86
What is the purpose of dhyana?
Enables Buddhists to develop concentration and awareness needed to achieve 6 perfections
Eg, through Zazen and samatha
87
What is the purpose of konti ?
Learning to endure personal hardship to practise compassion towards those who are angry and cultivate patience
Understanding the first noble truth is key- all life if suffering
88
Importance of meditation:
1. How Buddha found understanding himself beneath the bodhi tree. He refused to stop until he reached supreme enlightenment
2. Creates a disciplined mind to comprehend complex ideas, journey into one’s inner self to gain full understanding through complete focus
89
Buddhist scripture can be found in the..
Dhammapada
90
How do monks make 3 marks understanding accessible?
Through scripture readings
91
How can Buddhists develop an understanding of the 3 marks?
Studying physical world, human experience is an effective way to understand eg. Buddha 4 sights jataka tales, learn by sight
92
Buddha 4 sights
Jataka tales
GCSE AQA Religious Studies ✝️
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
-
Paper 1 Christian Beliefs99
-
✏️Christian Beliefs Glossary28
-
Paper 1 Christian Practices126
-
✏️ Christian Practices Glossary25
-
Paper 1 Buddhist Beliefs109
-
MOCK 1: Summary21
-
Paper 1 Buddhist Practices92
-
Paper 2 Crime & Punishment85
-
Paper 2 Love & Relationships56
-
Paper 2 Human Rights33
-
Paper 2 Peace & Conflict76
