Paper 1 - Memory

Question 1

Procedural Memory

Answer 1

Motor memory (how to do)
E.g. Riding a bike
Learn: Conscious
Recall: Unconscious
Non-declarative (non-conscious reliability)

Question 2

Episodic Memory

Answer 2

Event memory (Personal)
E.g. Birthday Party
Learnt: Unconscious
Recall: Conscious
Declarative (Conscious recall)

Question 3

Semantic Memory

Answer 3

Meaning/Facts
E.g. Pub quiz
Learnt: Conscious
Recall: Conscious
Declarative (Conscious recall)

Question 4

A03 for types of memory

Answer 4

• Tulving et al - PET Scans - showed different act in different areas for different tasks (method evaluation)
• Can be used to evaluate MSM - LTM is single unitary store

Question 5

Interference (3 part definition)

Answer 5

• 2 pieces of info conflict - forgetting 1 or both or distortion
• When similar
• Duration between learning is short

Question 6

2 type of Interference

Answer 6

• Retroactive (new replaces old memory)
• Proactive (old replaces new memory)

Question 7

A03 - Part 1

Answer 7

Underwood and Postman
Grp 1 - learnt word paid lists (Dog-House)
Grp 2 - learnt 2 lists (Dog-House) (Dog-River)
Recalled 1st list better
Grp 2 - Retroactive - recall was disrupted by 2nd list

Question 8

A03 - Part 2

Answer 8

McGeogh + Mcdonald
Ppts learnt list of words + 2nd list - synonyms, antonyms, numbers or no list
More similar list 2 to list 1, more interference takes place

Question 9

A03 - Part 3

Answer 9

Counterpoint - Ecological + Mundane Realism
Reduced validity of study therefore theory

Question 10

A03 - Part 4

Answer 10

Baddeley + Hitch (1975) - Rugby players
- Ask who last match against - even if injured but all remembered last game
- Recall is worse for early game when more played in between
- Retroactive interference + more impactful than decay (passage of time)

Question 11

Retrieval Failure - 2 part definition

Answer 11

• Forgetting occurs due to an absence of cues for recall
• Encoding sufficiency principle: cues must be present at encoding AND recall to help with retrieval

Question 12

Types of Retrieval Failure

Answer 12

• State dependant forgetting: lack of mental/internal areas e.g mood, drug use, anxiety
• Context dependant forgetting: lack of context/ external areas from environment or location

Question 13

A03 - Godden and Baddeley

Answer 13

• Scuba divers study
• 18 participants
• Task: 36 unrelated words
  Learn - land land water water
  Recall - land water land water
  Land Land - best
  Water Water - close second

Question 14

A03 - Godden + Baddeley Method

Answer 14

• Disruption - change of environment
• Ecological/mundane realism
• Generalise/pop validity
• Extreme contexts

Question 15

A03 - Carter + Cassidy

Answer 15

Antihistamine/Placebo
Task: 20 word list
Learn (Day 1) - A A P P
Recall (Day 2) - A P A P