paper 2

Question 1

basic skill definition and example

Answer 1

few decisions
not genric to a sport

• running
• jumping

Question 2

complex skill definition and example

Answer 2

• decisions needed
• lots of thinking

Question 3

open skill definition and example

Answer 3

changing environment

• a pass in football

Question 4

closed skill definition and example

Answer 4

non changing environment

• front crawl

Question 5

self paced definition and example

Answer 5

started by you

badminton serve

Question 6

externally paced definition and example

Answer 6

started by someone else

• gun in 100m sprint

Question 7

gross definition and example

Answer 7

big muscle groups

• rugby tackle

Question 7

fine definition and example

Answer 7

small muslce groups

-archer
- darts

Question 8

ability

Answer 8

inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill.

Question 9

skill

Answer 9

A learned action/learned behavior

Question 10

outcome goal definition and example

Answer 10

focusing on outcome/end result

-winning games
- winning the league

Question 11

performance goal definition and example

Answer 11

Personal standards to be achieved. compared to you and past results not to others

• amount of tackles/passes in football
• improve techniques

Question 12

what is SMART

Answer 12

specific - specific to your sport and position
measurable - able to be measured on a scale e.g number of goals
accepted - the performer has to believe in it
realistic - realistic achievable target to their ability level
time-bound - has time on it to monitor progress on a time scale e

Question 13

positive/negative feedback

Answer 13

positive - what went well positive encouragement
negative - error correction and information on what is going wrong

Question 14

intrinsic/extrinsic

Answer 14

intrinsic - comes from within the performer and what they think
extrinsic - feedback from others such as a coach or parent

Question 15

knowledge of results/knowledge of performance

Answer 15

knowledge of result - if the skill was successful considering the result

knowledge of performance - if the skill was good concerned about technique

Question 16

arousal

Answer 16

A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness/readiness, varying
from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness.

Question 17

stress management techniques

Answer 17

deep breathing
mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
positive self-talk.

Question 18

direct aggression

Answer 18

physical contact
- rugby tackle
- boxing punch

Question 19

indirect aggression

Answer 19

out on sporting objects to gain an advantage
-hitting tennis ball at high speed to hit past player
- hitting the ball at a high speed past goalkeeper

Question 20

characteristics of an introvert

Answer 20

shy/quiet
thoughtful
enjoy being on their own.
Tend to play individual sports when:

concentration/precision (fine skill) is required
low arousal is required.

Question 21

characteristics of an extrovert

Answer 21

enjoy interaction with others/sociable/aroused by others
enthusiastic/talkative
prone to boredom when isolated/by themselves.
Tend to play team sports when:

there is a fast pace
concentration may need to be low
gross skills are used.

Question 22

reasons that affect participation

Answer 22

gender - males get more opportunities/ males sports get more exposure

race/religion/culture - fasting/ religion don’t allow it/ education over sport

age - as you get older it is harder

family/friends/peers - might not be in a sporty environment

disability. - might now allow to play certain sports due to physical disability

Question 23

commercanlastion

Answer 23

To manage or exploit (an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make a profit.

Question 24

sponsorships types

Answer 24

financial clothing and equipment, including footwear facilities.

Question 25

golden triangle

Answer 25

sponsors - pay sport/ money from media sport paid by media and sponsors media get to show sport and paid by sponsors

Question 26

types of media

Answer 26

television radio the press the internet social media. newspaper

Question 27

performers and technology

Answer 27

- better equipment - better training facilities -fewer injuries to see work load - better feed back - not affordable -continually accessed adding pressure

Question 28

spectators and technology

Answer 28

- better stadia - better coverage - accurate decision - increased ticket prices - ruins authenticity

Question 29

sport and technology

Answer 29

- better feedback and analysis for coaches - exact timings 100m sprint - better equipment f1 cars - better surfaces of pitches -unequal completion due to costs -delays will waiting for decisions

Question 30

officials and technology

Answer 30

- more help with decisions - better communication between refs - wrong decisions highlighted -over-reliant on it - only available at some levels of a sport

Question 31

sponsor and technology

Answer 31

- increased visibility -bigger audience -more sponsorship opportunities s -higher costs to make and hire

Question 32

etiqutte

Answer 32

A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. It is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed - shaking hands at end of game - congratulating oppent

Question 33

sportsmanship

Answer 33

Conforming to the rules, spirit, and etiquette of a sport -kicking the ball out for an injured player -acknowledging foul when you commit one

Question 34

gamesmanship

Answer 34

Attempting to gain an advantage by bending the rules to their limit (but not breaking them). -slightly wasting time - overdoing a foul - appealing In some sports

Question 35

contract to compete

Answer 35

Unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules. Unwritten agreement within sports where participants agree to do there best

Question 36

The advantages for the performer of taking PEDs

Answer 36

increased chances of success fame wealth level playing field.

Question 37

The disadvantages for the performer of taking PEDs

Answer 37

cheating/immoral associated health risks fines bans reputational damage.

Question 38

The disadvantages to the sport/event of performers taking PEDs

Answer 38

reputation credibility. particaptaion

Question 39

Strategies employed to combat hooliganism/spectator behaviour

Answer 39

early kick-offs all-seater stadia segregation of fans improved security alcohol restrictions travel restrictions/banning orders education/promotional activity/campaigns and high profile endorsements.

Question 40

reasons for holagism

Answer 40

rivalries hype fuelled by alcohol/drugs gang culture frustration (eg at official's decisions) display of masculinity.

Question 41

The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle

Answer 41

weight gain/obesity heart disease hypertension diabetes poor sleep poor self-esteem lethargy.

Question 42

obesity

Answer 42

BMI of over 30

Question 43

input processing model

Answer 43

picked up uses senses - more ex[rinced sports performer can use selective attention to only focus on the important thing such as not listing to the crowd in a football match

Question 44

decision-making processing model

Answer 44

using short-term memory to see where a teammate is long term to think about simular past situations

Question 45

output processing model

Answer 45

carrying out movement decided

Question 46

feedback processing model

Answer 46

intrinsically - from within extrinsic - from external sources

Question 47

processing model loop

Answer 47

feedback given will influence future descisions and inputs therefore over time improving sporting performance

Question 48

visual guidance pos and neg

Answer 48

seeing/mental photo/demonstration/videos pos -repeatable Neg -The demo needs to be of quality -info overload

Question 49

verbal guidancephy

Answer 49

instructions/ coaching points Pos -clarity for performers neg - no mental photo -confusion over language if its to complex -info overload

Question 50

manual guidance

Answer 50

physical guiding/correct technique Pos -1/1 sessions -better technique - more confidence Neg -not good for groups -permission

Question 51

mechanical guidance

Answer 51

use of objects/cones. rope Pos - fun for the performer - may increase safety -early experience with higher skills trampoline -variety Neg -expensive avalaibtyl - not sport-specific

Question 52

intrinsic motivation

Answer 52

drive from within - enjoying something - feel-good factor - pride - feeling healthier

Question 53

extrinsic motivation

Answer 53

from external sources tangible - certificates trophies money medals intangible - applause fame praise feedback

Question 54

diuretics

Answer 54

used to remove excess water and lose weight also mask other drugs -jockey - boxer weight category cramps and dehydration

Question 55

blood doping

Answer 55

blood pulled out weeks before then put back to have more red blood cells so more oxygen to working muscles and less fatigue - long distance -thickening of blood causing a heart attack

Question 56

beta-blockers

Answer 56

reduce heart rate and levels of airplane -archery snooker darts -nausea - poor blood circulation

Question 57

anabolic agents

Answer 57

improve muscle strength mass and power and aid recovery of muscles -sprinters bodybuilders weight lifters -aggression - liver and kidney damage

Question 58

stimulants

Answer 58

increase reaction time and alertness -100m sprinters heart issues - addiction -stroke

Question 59

narcotic analgesics

Answer 59

very strong painkillers -athletes with injuries -addiction -loss of concentration -low blood pressure -to strong

Question 60

epo

Answer 60

increase red blood cell production -long distance - thickening blood heart attack

Question 61

spectators positives

Answer 61

creation of atmosphere home-field advantage (for home team/individuals). revune

Question 62

spectators negatives

Answer 62

negative effect on performance as a result of increased pressure potential for crowd trouble/hooliganism safety costs/concerns negative effect on participation numbers amongst younger performers.

Question 63

obesity consequences

Answer 63

cancer heart disease/heart attacks diabetes high cholesterol. mental - depression loss of confidence. social inability to socialize inability to leave home.

Question 64

ectomorph

Answer 64

long distance skinny narrow hips and shoulders

Question 65

mesomorph

Answer 65

athletic wide shoulder flat stomach sprinter

Question 66

endomorph

Answer 66

wide hips narrow shoulders prob in rugby

Question 67

metabolic rate

Answer 67

how much calories you burn at rest

Question 68

calorie intake

Answer 68

gender - men need more age - growing teenagers need more height - tall people need more cos they have longer bones energy expenditure - the more you burn the more you need

Question 69

diet percentages

Answer 69

carbs 60-55 fats 25-30 protein 15-20

Question 70

Identify three negative effects that the media in sport has on performers.

Answer 70

Can increase the pressure to perform if the event/match is televised (1) * Any mistakes made can become very public ( * Increased focus on their private life (1) Training can be disrupted by carrying out media duties (1) * Could be the subject of online / social media abuse (1)