% Change
(new value – original value) / original value x 100
Unit Costs
Total Cost ÷ Output
Interest %
(total repayment - borrowed amount)/borrowed amount x 100
Total revenue/turnover
Selling price x quantity sold
Cost of Sales
Total variable costs of quantity sold
Gross Profit
Total Revenue – Cost of Sales
Gross Profit Margin %
Gross Profit ÷ Revenue x 100
Operating/net Profit
Gross Profit – Expenses
Operating/net Profit Margin %
Operating Profit ÷ Revenue x 100
Average rate of return (ARR)
Profit per annum ÷ Capital Outlay (cost) X 100
Average rate of return (ARR)
average profit per year ÷ initial investment X 100