Papilloedema

Question 1

what is it?

Answer 1

optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure. It is almost always bilateral.

Question 2

features

Answer 2

venous engorgement: usually the first sign

loss of venous pulsation: although many normal patients do not have normal pulsation

blurring of the optic disc margin

elevation of optic disc

loss of the optic cup

Paton’s lines: concentric/radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc

Question 3

causes

Answer 3

space-occupying lesion: neoplastic, vascular
malignant hypertension
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
hydrocephalus
hypercapnia