1
Q
what is a schistosomule?
A
Cercaria minus tail
2
Q
has conspicuous terminal spine
A
S. haematobium
3
Q
acid fast schistosoma that can be seen in feces, resembles S. haematobium
A
S. intercalatum
4
Q
has large lateral spine shaped like rose thorns
A
S. mansoni
5
Q
differentiate H. nana and H. diminuta
A
H. nana = polar filament
H. diminute = NO polar filament
6
Q
oval, yellowish-brown, bile-stained, with prominent operculum and abopercular knob
A
P. westermani
7
Q
small, cylindrical, fusiform grayish white; buccal capsule has semilunar cutting plates
A
N. americanus
8
Q
buccal capsule has 2 pairs of curved ventral teeth
A
A. duodenale
9
Q
differentiate the branches of Taenia spp.
A
T. solium = 7-15
T. saginata = 15-20
T. asiatica = 11-32
10
Q
enumerate the parasites in which the infective stage is the embryonated egg
A
H. nana
A. lumbricoides
T. trichiura
E. vermicularis
E. granulosus
11
Q
infective stage of this parasite is the encysted larva
A
T. spiralis
12
Q
enumeration
infective stage: metacercaria
A
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Clonochis
Opistorchis
Paragonimus
Echinostoma
Heterophyids
13
Q
enumeration
infective stage: filariform larva
A
Hookworm
S. stercoralis
C. philippinensis
14
Q
enumeration
infective stage: sporulated oocyst
A
Isospora
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora
Toxoplasma
15
Q
infective stage of Leishmania
A
promastigote
16
Q
enumeration
infective stage: Sporozoites
A
Babesia
Plasmodium
17
Q
infective stage of T. asiatica
A
Cysticercus viscerotropica
18
Q
infective stage of Schistosoma
A
cercaria
19
Q
Maurer’s dots
A
P. falciparum
mnemonic: Ferdinand Marcos
20
Q
seen in RBC of P. vivax
A
Schuffner’s dots
mnemonic: Vilma Santos
21
Q
present in RBC of P. ovale
A
James’ dots (or Schuffner’s)
Benign terial malaria
22
Q
Ziemann’s dots
A
mnemonic: Mark Zuckerberg
P. malariae
23
Q
Plasmodium that has longest paroxysmal cycle
A
P. malariae
Quartan malaria
24
Q
Plasmodium that has the shortest paroxysmal cycle
A
P. knowlesi (24 hrs) sorii namali 🥺
Falciparum (36-48hrs) malignant tertian malaria
25
morphology of this P. falciparum has *elongated/crescent-/banana-/sausage-shaped*
gametocyte
26
morphology of P. malariae has 6-12 merozoites in *rosette/daisy head/fruit pie arrangement*
mature schizont
27
most prevalent malarial parasite in the Philippines that causes blackwater fever
P. falciparum
"maligntant tertian malaria"
| **blackwater fever** - intravascular hemolysis with dark urine
28
morphological order of the development of Plasmodium spp.
1. ring trophozoite
2. mature trophozoite
3. mature schizont
4. gametocyte
29
benign tertian malaria invades erythrocytes ___
young erythrocyte
| benign tertian = **P. vivax**
30
malaria that invades old RBCs only
quartan malaria
| **P. malariae**
31
this method detects **Giardia**, Strongyloides, Clonorchis, Opistorchis, Fasciola, Cryptosporidium
entero "string" test
32
most commonly used method for concentrating eggs and cyst
Formalin-Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique
33
in Harada-Mori, Strongy larvae moves while Hookworm larvae moves?
Strongy - UP
Hookworm - DOWN
34
method for detection of microfilariae
Knott's concentration
35
gold standard for detection of Toxoplasma gondii
Sabin-Feldman Dye test
36
skin snip
Onchocerca volvulus
37
# stains
for demonstration of uterine branches of Taenia spp.
India ink
38
# stains
emulsifying agent for stool and stains nuclei of protozoans
Lugol's iodine
39
# stains
for fresh and unpreserved stool
Trichrome stain
40
# stains
gold standard for Dx of Malaria
Giemsa stain
41
# stains
for rapid processing of thick smears, especially in Malaria
Field's stain
42
differentiate the use of thick and thin smears of Malaria
thick = quantitation and identifying
thin = identifying (confirmatory)
43
roundworm that reside in the **small intestine**
Capillaria
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm
| mnemoni: **CASH**
44
roundworm that reside in the **large intestine**
Enterobius
Trichuris
45
# enumeration
heart-to-lung migration
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm
| **ASH**
46
# enumeration
UNHOLY THREE
Hookworm
Ascaris
Trichuris
47
ova resembles Japanaese lantern
T. trichiura
| causes **rectal prolapse**
48
ova resembles guitar or peanut-shaped
C. philippinensis
| pudoc disease or **mystery disease**
49
ova has morula ball appearance
hookworms
50
cutaneous larva migrans
A. braziliense
A. caninum
51
causes Cochin-china diarrhea
S. stercoralis
| **threadworm**
52
vector of O. volvulus
simulium (black fly)
| **unsheathed** | nuclei absent in tail
53
longest nematode of man
D. medinensis
| IH: **cyclops (copepods)**
54
# read and skip!!
**Blood** sample used to detect:
* L. donovani
* Trypanosoma
* Plasmodium
* Babesia
* Microfilariae
**Sputum** used to detect:
* P. westermani
* E. histolytica
* Ascaris
* Strongy
* Hookworm
**Urine**
* T. vaginalis
* W. bancrofti
| best sample for blood: **capillary blood**
**CSF**
* Naegleria
* Acanthamoeba
* Trypanosoma
* T. gondii
* Microsporidia
* T. solidum
* Echinococcus
**Tissue aspirate:** E. histolytica. Echinococcus, Leishmania, T. gondii
**Muscle biopsy:** T. spiralis, T. solium, Spirometra
**Rectal biopsy:** S. japonicum & mansoni
**Skin snips:** O. volvulus & Mansonella
**Eye:** A. keratitis, T. gondii, Loa loa
**Mouth scrapings:** E. gingivalis & tenax
**Nasal discharge:** N. fowleri
55
stain used for demonstration of uterine branches of Taenia spp.
India ink
## Footnote
NICE TO KNOW!
* **Field stain** - thick smears malaria
* **Iron hematoxylin** - SAF-/formalin-preserved
* **Trichrome** - fresh & unpreserved stool
56
where can you locate parasites in FECT technique and Zinc Sulfate Flotation?
**FECT:** bottom (sediment)
**Zinc Sulfate:** top (supernatant)
57
# match the ff
1. sluggish & non-progressive
2. small race of E. histolytica
3. unidirectional & progressive
4. smallest protozoan
5. 1st amoeba recovered from a human spx
| choices: **histolytica, coli, hartmanni, nana, gingivalis**
1. coli
2. hartmanni
3. histolytica
4. nana
5. gingivalis
58
# enumeration
**LEISHMANIA**
* vector
* infective stage
* diagnostic stage
clue: MOT - direct skin inoculation
vector: **Sandflies (*Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia sp.*)**
IS: **Promastigote**
DS: **Amastigote**
59
# enumeration
**Trypanosoma brucei**
* vector
* infective stage
* diagnostic stage
clue: MOT - direct skin inoculation
vector: **Tse-se flies (*Glossina spp.*)**
IS & DS: **Trypomastigote**
60
# enumeratation
**Trypanosoma cruzi**
* vector
* infective stage
* diagnostic stage
MOT: indirect skin inoculation, tranplacental, blood transfusion
vector: **Kissing bug (*reduviid or triatomina spp.)***
IS: **trypomastigote**
DS: **amastigote, trypomastigote**
61
Plamosdium that infects **young rbcs**
P. ovale
P. vivax
| infects **OLD rbcs**: *P. malariae*
62
# enumerate
**MALARIA**
* definitive host
* infective stage to definitve host
* sexual stage
* intermediate host
* infective stage to intermediate host
* asexual stage
* DH: ***Anopheles***
* IS to DH: **gametocyte**
* sexual stage: **sporogony**
* IH: **MAN**
* IS to IH: **sporozoite**
* asexual stage: **schizogony**
| hypnozoites - dormant form of ovale & vivax that causes malarial relapse
63
position of Strongy and Hookworm in Harada-Mori
**UP**ward: Strongy
**DOWN**ward: Hookworm
64
only human tapeworm that can complete the entire life cycle in a single host (doesn’t need intermediate host)
H. nana
| considered as the **smallest cestode**
65
L. donovani causes what fever?
Kala-azar fever | Dumdum fever | Black fever
66
Causes Loeffler syndrome
Ascaris, Strongy, Hookworm
67
Visceral larva migrans associated with what parasite/s
T. canis & T. cati
68
A. caninum & A. braziliense causes?
Cutaneous larva migrans “creeping eruption”
69
#identify
1. Redwater fever
2. Katayama fever
3. Ping pong disease
4. Chagas disease
5. Iron deficiency anemia
6. Eosinophilia
1. Babesia
2. Schistosoma
3. T. vaginalis
4. T. cruzi
5. T. trichiura & Hookworm
6. T. spiralis
70
#FINAL PABAON QUIZ!
Identification:
1. Mistaken as adult D. latum
2. Objective used to detect microfilariae
3. Agent of cutaneous larva migrand or creeping eruption
4. Helminth that causes microcytic, hypochromic anemia in its host
5. Significant eosinophilia may occur after ingestion of meat infected with?
6. Agent of visceral larva migrans
7. Filarial worm that may cause lymphadenopathy
8. Life span of D. latum
9. Most flukes are hermaphroditic, except for __
10. What crystals can be found in bloody sputum of P. westermani?
11. Swimmer's itch is caused by?
12. Preservative used with trichrome stain
13. How many nuclei does mature cyst of E. histolytica have?
14. Amoeba sith a characteristic "basket nucleus"
15. N. fowleri causes what diseases?
16. In what specimen are Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri usually found?
17. The only ciliate pathogenic in humans?
18. What syndrome does G. lamblia caused?
19. Infective stage of the malarial parasite to the vector
20. Infective stage of the malarial parasite to humans
1. Spirometra
2. LPO
3. A. caninum (dog hookworm)
4. Hookworm
5. T. spiralis
6. Toxocara canis & cati
7. B. malayi
8. 25 years (same as Taenia)
9. Schistosomes
10. Charcot-leyden crystals
11. cercaria of Schistosomes
12. PVA
13. 4
14. Iodamoeba bütschlii
15. PAM
16. CSF
17. Balantidium coli
18. Gay bowel syndrome
19. Gametocyte
20. Sporozoite
71
Plasmodium spp. that may cause relapse of infection?
P. vivax & P. ovale
72
#read and skip!
1. Thin smear should be fixed!
2. P. vivax and falciparum causes 90% of malaria cases
3. Toxoplasma - important cause of chorioretinitis
4. Pthirus pubis - agent of **crabs**
5. Pediculus humanus capitis - head louse
6. Ticks, bed bugs, mites, spider - wingless arthropods
KAYA MO YAN! <333
73
Enumerate the parasites that causes **autoinfection**
C. philippinensis
H. nana
E. vermicularis
S. stercoralis
T. solium
| mnemonic: **CHEST**
REVALIDA
flashcards
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