Parasites Intro

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

member of different species of organisms living in close association

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

beneficial to one partner and not problematic to the other (causes no harm)

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

beneficial relationship to both parasite and host organism

Question 4

Obligate parasite

Answer 4

parasite that must always live in contact with a host

Question 5

Facultative parasite

Answer 5

A parasite that can complete its life cycle in a free living environment or alternatively, that lives during part or all of its cycle within a host

Question 6

Endoparasite

Answer 6

living within a host (tapeworm, malaria)

Question 7

Ectoparasite

Answer 7

living outside the host (body surface - lice, fleas, mites)

Question 8

Protozoa

Answer 8

single celled eukaryote that are primarily unicellular nonphotosynthetic and are further classified on their ability for movement (motility) — pseudopods, flagella, cililia

Question 9

Sporozoa

Answer 9

non motile protozoa

Question 10

Trophozoites

Answer 10

feeding, motile stage of protozoa

Question 11

Cysts

Answer 11

Infectious stage of protozoa, highly condensed cytoplasm and thick cell wall

Question 12

Karyosome

Answer 12

Concentrated clumps of chromatin material within the nucleus

Question 13

Peripheral chromatin

Answer 13

Non active chromatin, providing the nucleus halo like appearance

Question 14

Sporogony (microsporidia)

Answer 14

Productions of spores, asexual stage

Question 15

Oocyst

Answer 15

A thick or thin walled stage in the life cycle of coccidia, shed in feces of human infections

Question 16

Proglottid

Answer 16

Tapeworm segments containing male and female reproductive systems — may be immature, mature, or gravid

Question 17

Scolex

Answer 17

The head or attachment portion of a tapeworm — suckers or hooklets

Question 18

Tachyzoite

Answer 18

Rapidly multiplying stage in development of tissue phase of Toxoplasma

Question 19

Bradyzoite

Answer 19

Slowly multiplying trophozoite contained in the tissue cyst, chronic infection of Toxoplasma

Question 20

Kinetoplast

Answer 20

Intensely staining rod or disk shaped or spherical extranuclear DNA structure found in parasitic flagella near the base of the flagellum

Question 21

Amastigote

Answer 21

Small round intracellular stage of Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp. base of flagella is anterior to the nucleus, no external flagellum

Question 22

Promastigote

Answer 22

Development stage of Trypanosomes, the base of the flagellum is anterior to the nucleus, non undulating membrane

Question 23

Trypanosome

Answer 23

A slender, flagellate protozoan found in the blood of humans — also called trypomastigote

Question 24

Roundworm/Hookworm

Answer 24

Unsegmented, bilateral symmetry, fully functioning digestive tract, long, cylindrical, mm to m length

Question 25

Tapeworm

Answer 25

Ribbon like body with a chain of segments/proglottid, contains both male and female reproductive systems, scolex allows for worm attachment to intestinal tissue. Proglottids are immature, mature or gravid (full of eggs)

Question 26

Fluke

Answer 26

Flat worm with hook (oral sucker), dorsoventrally flattened, all eggs are operculated (lid structure)

Question 27

Amoebae

Answer 27

Naked, loose, pseudopod-forming | Abundant soil dwellers, rich organic debris

Question 28

Ciliates

Answer 28

Microscopic appendages extending from the surface of the cell

Question 29

Flagellates

Answer 29

Free living, whip like appendages, pathogenic for humans and animals

Question 30

Coccidia

Answer 30

Subclass of protozoa, epithelial cells of intestinal tract, liver and other organs

Question 31

Nematodes

Answer 31

``` Ascaris lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis Trichuris trichiura Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis Toxocara canis/cati Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi Loa loa Mansonella streptocerca Onchocerca volvus ```

Question 32

Cestodes

Answer 32

``` Diphyllobathrium latum Taenia saginata Taenia solium — cysticercosis Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Echinococcus granulosus ```

Question 33

Trematodes

Answer 33

``` Fasciolopsis buski Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Clonorchis sienensis Paragonimus westermani Fasciola hepatica Schistosoma S. japonicum S. mansoni S. haematobium S. intercalatum ```

Question 34

Amoebae - intestinal protozoa

Answer 34

``` Entamoeba histolytica E. dispar E. moshkovskii E. bangladeshi E. polecki E. hartmanni E. coli Endolimax nana Iodamoeba buetschlii Blastocystis hominis ```

Question 35

Ciliates - intestinal protozoa

Answer 35

Balantidium coli

Question 36

Flagellates

Answer 36

Giardia lamblia Dientamoebae fragilis Chilomastix mesnili Pentatrichomonas hominis

Question 37

Coccidia - intestinal protozoa

Answer 37

Cryptosporidium sp. Cyclospora cayetanensis Cystoisospora (isospora) belli

Question 38

Hemoflagellates

Answer 38

Trypanosoma buncrei Trypanosoma cruzi Visceral kala azar Primary cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 39

Blood protozoa

Answer 39

``` Plasmodium P. vivax P. falciparum P. ovale P. malariae P. knowlesi Babesia ```

Question 40

Coccidia - Tissue protozoa

Answer 40

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 41

Amoeba - Tissue protozoa

Answer 41

Naegleria fowleri | Acantoamoeba sp.

Question 42

Flagellates - Tissue protozoa

Answer 42

Trichomonas vaginalis