Parma 1

Question 1

opiate & naloxone are?

Answer 1

Antagonist

naloxone = nonaddictive synthetic drug used to treat effects of drug overdose and detect a drug addiction (Pharmacology)

Question 2

digoxin and hypokalemia form loop diuretics =?

Answer 2

Toxic effect
Digoxin ❌Na/k pump➡️ inc Na➡️ Na/ca exchanger work mor ➡️ inc. ca➡️ iontropy (inc the contractility)
Hypokalemia —> decrease the membrane potential —>inc. HR

Question 3

Aspirin &warfarin =?

Answer 3

Unbound warfarin 👆

Question 4

Opiates and Atropine on the gut ?

Answer 4

Lows the motility
Atropin = used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides

Question 5

Metoclopramide ?

Answer 5

A gastrokinetic (increase motility ) drug with antiemetic properties.

Question 6

Interfere with Absorption EX.

Answer 6

• Calcium salts bind tetracyclines in gut
• Cholestyramine (A drug that lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood by sequestering bile acids. )binds warfarin and digoxin etc

Question 7

Cabamezepin ? On CYP 450

Answer 7

Induce it
Carbamazepine (CBZ), sold under the tradename Tegretol, among others, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.[1] It is not effective for absence seizures or myoclonic seizures.[1] It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder

Question 8

CYP 450 inducers

يعني الدوه الي يصير بي ميتابولزم يطير كله بلبول

Answer 8

• Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin, Carbamezepine (both are NA channel blocker), Phenobarbitone
• Antibiotics: Rifampicin
• Steroids: Glucocorticoids
• Alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes
• St John’s Wort
• HIV Therapies

Question 9

CYP450 inhibitors

يعني الدوه الي يصيله ميتابولزم راح يبقى بالدم

Answer 9

• Anti-arrhythmics: Amiodarone, Quinidine
• Antibiotics: Azole antifungals, macrolides (Erythromycin), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
• Anti-ulcer: Cimetidine, Omeprazole
• Antidepressants: Fluoxetine
• HIV Drugs
• Statins: Fluvastatin
• Others: OCP, Sodium valproate

Question 10

Drug groups commonly contributing to drug-drug interactions include 5 major classes:

Answer 10

Anticonvulsants Anticoagulants Antidepressants Antibiotics Antiarrhythmics

Question 11

Grapefruit Juice &;CYP450?

Answer 11

Inhibits several CYP450 isoenzymes  👇Clearance of many drugs

Question 12

Cranberry Juice 🥤?

Answer 12

Used therapeutically in UTI treatment

• Inhibits bacterial adherence to urothelium Inhibits CYP2C9 isoform
•  Clearance of warfarin
• Enhanced anticoagulant effect
•  Risk of haemorrhage
• Pts should be advised not to drink cranberry juice if on warfarin