What is the definition of a GPS database?
An electronic memory containing information on airports, navigation aids reporting points, Standard Instrument Departures (SIDS), Standard Instrument Arrivals (STAR’s), instrument approaches, special use airspace and other items of value to the pilot.
What is the definition of GLONASS?
The Russian segment of GNSS.
What is the definition of a GPS Sensor?
A single GPS unit used for navigation within a Flight Management System.
What is the definition of a NANU?
Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR user (GPS NOTAM).
What is the definition of a primary-means navigation system?
- A navigation system approved for a given operation or phase of flight that must meet accuracy and integrity requirements, but need not meet full availability and continuity of service requirements.
- Safety is achieved by limiting flights to specific time periods, and through appropriate procedural restrictions.
What is the definition of RAIM? (not its abbreviation)
- A function whereby the GPS receiver/processor detects a position error that exceeds the GPS position integrity performance requirements of the TSO for that phase of flight.
- Gives a visual and/or aural warning when appropriate.
What is a RAIM warning?
A warning that the integrity of the navigation position solution from GPS satellites may be unreliable.
What is the definition of a sole-means navigation system?
A navigation system approved for a given operation or phase of flight that must allow the aircraft to meet, for that operation or phase of flight, all four navigation system performance requirements: accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity of service.
What is the definition of supplementary-means navigation system?
A navigation system that must be used in conjunction with a sole means navigation system.
When can a pilot carry out an IAP under IFR using a GPS?
- When a flight examiner certifies it in their logbook that they’ve satisfactorily demonstrated competency in the use of that make and model of GPS receiver, including any flight management system used for a GPS instrument approach.
- A flight examiner shall endorse a pilot’s logbook for a make and model of GPS receiver or flight management system if the pilot has satisfactorily completed a flight test demonstrating that pilot’s knowledge and competency, to a standard acceptable to the Director, using that GPS receiver or flight management system.
State the equipment required by aircraft within the New Zealand flight information region, using GPS as a primary means navigation system? (9)
- The GPS equipment is approved to level 1 on the form CAA 2129 and;
- The form CAA 2129 has been endorsed, approving the GPS equipment for use on the intended IFR operation as a primary means navigation system.
- Operate the GPS equipment in accordance with the aircraft flight manual
- Ensure that if the aircraft is operating within the NZ Flight information region, that the aircraft is equipped with:
- For ATOs, with at least 2 operable sole means navigation systems other than GPS receivers. The sole means navigation systems must be appropriate for the route being flown.
- For operations other than ATOs, have at least 1 operable sole means navigation system other than the GPS receiver. The sole means navigation system must be appropriate for the route being flown.
- If intending to use a GPS based instrument approach procedure, obtain a RAIM prediction prior to departure for the expected time or arrival at the destination using the onboard GPS receiver.
- From the holder of an air traffic service organisation certificate issued under Part 172. Ensure that en-route and terminal navigation is conducted:
- Using a GPS database containing data that is current with respect to current en-route and area charts for the route to be flown.
- By cross checking the GPS database selected tracks and distance between reporting points. for accuracy and reference to current en-route and area charts; and
- Ensure all GPS equipment approaches are completed in accordance with approved instrument approach procedures using a GPS database containing data that is current with respect to the current published Instrument Approach Charts for the approach procedure being flown.
- If an alternate is required (by 91.405) ensure that:
- The alternate is served by a fully operational radio navigation aid, with a promulgated instrument approach procedure based on a procedure other than GPS navigation.
- The aircraft is equipped with navigation equipment capable of using that radio navigation aid.
What should the PIC do if RAIM has been on display for more than 10 minutes or the GPS equipment has been in DR mode for more than one minute with regards to primary means navigation system?
- Advise the appropriate ATC.
- Verify the aircraft position every 10 minutes using another IFR approved navigation system.
- Not commence an instrument approach while a RAIM warning is displayed.
When is a PIC of an aircraft operating under IFR permitted random flight routing when using GPS as a primary means navigation system?
- Within a 20nm circle radius of Mount Cook.
- In any other airspace, at or above FL150.
- A PIC of an aircraft is only permitted random flight routing within controlled airspace if authorised by ATC.
- A PIC operating under IFR using GPS as a primary means navigation system is permitted random flight routing below FL150 if:
- Authorised by ATC.
- ATC continuously radar monitor the flight for adequate terrain clearance.
Is the PIC of an aircraft flying under IFR permitted to use GPS sensors as a sole means navigation system within the NZFIR?
No.
What are the conditions that allows the PIC of an aircraft under IFR to be permitted to use GPS sensors as a sole means navigation system within the AOFIR?
- Ensure that:
- The GPS equipment is approved to level 1 on the form CAA 2129.
- The form CAA 2129 has been endorsed, approving the GPS equipment for use on the intended IFR operation as a sole means navigation system.
- Operate the GPS in accordance with the aircraft flight manual.
- Ensure that en-route navigation is conducted:
- Using a GPS database containing data that is current with respect to the current published en-route and area charts for the route to be flown.
- By cross-checking each GPS database selected track and distance between reporting points used for accuracy and reasonableness by reference to current en-route charts.
- If a RAIM warning has been displayed for more than ten minutes, or the GPS equipment has operated in the DR mode for more than one minute, the pilot must advise ATS.
What are the requirements for carrying out an instrument approach using GPS equipment as a primary means navigation system?
- A PIC of an aircraft operating under IFR using GPS equipment must not use GPS derived distance information if RAIM is unavailable and has been unavailable for the preceding 10 minutes.
- The PIC must, when using GPS derived distance information in a position report, state the distance as a GPS distance relative to a specified reference point that is contained in the GPS database.
- The PIC must, when using GPS derived distance information on an ILS/DME or LOC/DME instrument approach procedure, ensure:
- GPS distance information is based on the coordinates of the DME that is associated with the current published instrument approach procedure.
- Current data for the DME coordinates is permanently stored in the GPS database.
Describe the minimum flight altitude under IFR using GPS equipment as a sole-means or primary-means navigation system?
- The altitude assigned by the appropriate ATC unit and included in an ATC clearance; or
- For published routes shown on enroute charts, AREA charts, or in the table of evaluated but not charted routes contained in the AIPNZ Volumes 2 and 3, the lowest altitude selected from the IFR table of cruising levels that is at or above the highest of the following:
- The route MSA.
- A limiting minimum cross altitude.
- The upper limit of any VHZ, danger area, MOA, or restricted area that affects the route.
