part 2

Question 1

Oral Nutrition – TEST MEALS

Measures fat globules in the stools to detect fat absorption as in cases like cystic fibrosis

Answer 1

FECAL FAT DETERMINATION TEST

Question 2

FECAL FAT DETERMINATION TEST
Consists of

Answer 2

100g fat ingested daily for 3days prior to fecal collection
**2 cups whole milk, 1 egg, 8oz lean meat, 10 exchanges of fat

Question 3

Oral Nutrition – TEST MEALS

Use to determine GIT bleeding

Answer 3

MEAT-FREE TEST

Question 4

MEAT-FREE TEST
consist of

Answer 4

A 3-day diet excludes ingestion of meat, poultry, and fish

Question 5

Oral Nutrition – TEST MEALS

Use to determine urinary calcium excretion to diagnose hypercalciuria

Answer 5

CALCIUM TEST

Question 6

CALCIUM TEST
consist of

Answer 6

Requires 1,000mg calcium intake – 400mg from food sources and 600mg from oral supplements

Question 7

Oral Nutrition – TEST MEALS

Use to detect calcinoid tumors of the intestinal tract

Answer 7

SEROTONIN

Question 8

SEROTONIN
consist of

Answer 8

Food rich serotonin is excluded in the diet

Question 9

Diet Therapy – NUTRITION

Intended for patients with a functioning GIT but unable to ingest the required nutrients orally

Answer 9

Enteral feeding

Question 10

delivery of food and nutrients either ORALLY or BY TUBE directly into the GIT

Answer 10

Enteral feeding

Question 11

Diet Therapy
Administered to those who are neuro-muscularly impaired and cannot chew or swallow food

Answer 11

ENTERAL NUTRITION

Question 12

EN feeding or gavage feeding for an infant:

Answer 12

Too weak for sucking
lacks a gag reflex
To conserve energy when attempting to feed but cyanotic

Question 13

ENTERAL NUTRITION
Consists of ___ administered by a tube into the stomach or small intestine

Answer 13

blenderized foods or commercial formula

Question 14

Enteral Nutrition – FORMULAS/FEEDING TYPES

Answer 14

Ready-to-use
Tube

Standard
Blenderized

Question 15

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FORMULATION
READY-TO-USE

Can be used alone & provides the TOTAL needs in a specified volume of formula

Answer 15

Complete formulation

Question 16

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FORMULATION
READY-TO-USE

Provides the diff forms of individual nutrients to supplement existing formulas

Answer 16

Modular formulation

Question 17

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FORMULATION
READY-TO-USE

Meets the therapeutic needs

Answer 17

Combined formulation

Question 18

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FORMULATION

May be prepared from regular foods

Answer 18

TUBEFEEDINGS

Question 19

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES|

SHORT-TERM

Answer 19

Nasogastric
Nasointestinal
Nasoduodenal / nasojejunal

Question 20

Enteral Nutrition – ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES|

LONG-TERM

Answer 20

Esophagostomy

Gastrostomy or percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy 9PEG)

Jejunostomy or percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ)

Question 21

EN feeding or _____ for aninfant too weak for sucking, lacks agag reflex & to conserve energy whenattempting to feed but cyanotic

Answer 21

gavage feeding

Question 22

Types of Enteral Formulation

Nutritionally complete formulation can be used
alone and provides the total needs in a
specified volume of formula.

Answer 22

Ready-to-use Formulation

Question 23

Types of Enteral Formulation

– This type of feeding may be
prepared from regular foods.

Answer 23

2.Tube Feedings –

Question 24

Types of Enteral Formulation

– This type of feeding is
fiber-free and high in cholesterol, fat and sugar. It is
a milk-based formulation with sugar and soft
cooked eggs.

Answer 24

Standard Tube Feedings

Question 25

Types of Enteral Formulation – It consists of soft diet allowances which can be blenderized easily. Plan for Blenderized Formula:

Answer 25

4.Blenderized Tube Feeding

Question 26

ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES 1. Short-term Enteral Access adv and disadvantage Nasogastric

Answer 26

Rapid placement Feedings can be immediately - easily removed by patients inadvertently inserted into trachea, Anomalies in nose and neck

Question 27

ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES 1. Short-term Enteral Access adv and disadvantage Nasointestinal Tubes

Answer 27

Placed by doctor or nurse ONLY WITH guidance of a fluoroscope or endoscope - trauma to the jaw, base of skull, or neck, especially in patients who have large esophageal varices

Question 28

ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES 1. Short-term Enteral Access adv and disadvantage Nasoduodenal or nasojejunal tubes

Answer 28

aspiration may be reduced. okay to patients with poor tolerance to gastric - Dislodgment by coughing or vomiting = aspiration

Question 29

ENTERAL FEEDING ROUTES Long-term Enteral Access adv and disadvantage Esophagostomy

Answer 29

head and neck cance performed underlocal anesthesia. Feeding can begin immediately - requires surgery andformationof a stoma 72 hours after surgery excessive granulation accidental dislodgement

Question 30

Complication of Enteral Feeding \ Mechanical Nasopharyngeal irritation

Answer 30

- ice chips, topical anesthetic, and decongestant

Question 31

Complication of Enteral Feeding \ Mechanical Luminal obstruction

Answer 31

– flush; replace tube

Question 32

Complication of Enteral Feeding \ Mechanical Mucosal erosions

Answer 32

– reposition tube; ice water lavage; remove tube

Question 33

Complication of Enteral Feeding \ Mechanical Tube displacement –

Answer 33

replace tube

Question 34

Complication of Enteral Feeding \ Mechanical Aspiration

Answer 34

– discontinue tube feeding

Question 35

Complication of Enteral Feeding Gastrointestinal Cramping / Distention

Answer 35

– change formula;reduce infusion rate

Question 36

Complication of Enteral Feeding Gastrointestinal Vomiting / Diarrhea

Answer 36

– dilute formula; reduce infusion rate; anti-diarrhea agents

Question 37

Complication of Enteral Feeding Gastrointestinal Constipation –

Answer 37

– promotesufficientfluidsand fibers; encourage patient activity

Question 38

Complication of Enteral Metabolic Hypertonic dehydration

Answer 38

–increasefreewater

Question 39

Complication of Enteral Metabolic Glucose intolerance

Answer 39

– reduceinfusionrate; give restriction

Question 40

Complication of Enteral Metabolic Cardiac failure

Answer 40

– reducesodiumcontent; fluid restriction

Question 41

Complication of Enteral Metabolic Renal failure

Answer 41

– decreasephosphate, magnesium, potassium, protein restriction, essential amino acid solution

Question 42

Complication of Enteral Metabolic Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 42

–decreaseamount of protein

Question 43

Nasoduodenal or nasojejunal tubes

Answer 43

Nasoduodenal: Tube extends from nose through the plylorus into the duodenum; peristalsis or videoflouroscopy Nasojejunal: nose through pylorus into the jejunum and is usually placed by videoflouroscopy Mostly for infants and children at risk for aspiration and regurgitation

Question 44

Gastrostomy or Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrotomy (PEG)

Answer 44

PEG: Tube is percutaneously placed in the stomach under endoscopic guidance, secured by robber “bumpers” or inflated ballon catheter Gastrostomy: Tube is passed through incision in abdominal wall into the stomach.

Question 45

Gastrostomy or Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrotomy (PEG) Adv and Disadv

Answer 45

maximal opportunity for absorption; natural delivery of nutrients into the stomach; Eliminates nasal or esophageal irritation Tube is unobtrusive; PEG feeding can be started after approx.. 24 hours. -

Question 46

Jejunnostomy or Pecutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy (PEJ)

Answer 46

Types include needle catheter placement, direct tube placement, and creation of jejuna stoma that is catheterized intermittentl PEJ: weighted feeding tube passes endoscopically through as trostomy tube (from PEG insertion) into the duodenum; Peristaltic action advances tube into the jejunum.

Question 47

Jejunnostomy or Pecutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy (PEJ) Adv and Disadv

Answer 47

Permit feeding in patients with upper GI tract obstruction, esophageal reflex, ulcerated or neoplastic disease of stomach, impaired gastric emptying; early postoperative feeding possible (jejunum rapidly resumes its function within 12-24 hours) Surgical procedure is required. Ambulatory patients may findjejunal feeding restrictive because of theneedforcontinuous infusion of formula.