Part 2

Question 1

Steroid Hormones

1. Lipid-soluble — hormone
   (Lipid-soluble -__)
2. Hormone binds - with______ in _____, forming a________
3. Receptor-hormone-complex enters the______ and triggers______
4. Transcribed mRNA is translated into_____ that alter cell activity

Answer 1

hormone diffuses through plasma membrane

receptor in cytoplasm; receptor-hormone complex

nucleus

gene transcription

proteins

Question 2

Peptide Hormones

1._____-soluble hormones are membrane insoluble. They bind to membrane receptors.

2. The binding activates a______.
3. The activated G protein activates_____.
4. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of_____ to ______, the secondary messenger in this pathway.
5. CAMP activates______.
6. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins in the cytoplasm.
   This activates these proteins, allowing them to alter cell activity.

Answer 2

Water

G protein

adenylyl cyclase

ATP to CAMP

protein kinases

Question 3

Amine Hormones
1. Thyroglobulin is synthesized and discharged into the follicle lumen

2a Trapping (active uptake)
of iodide (I-)
2b Oxidation Active form
of iodine

3. lodine enters follicle lumen where it is attached to tyrosine in colloid, forming DIT and MIT
4. Iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form T3 and T4
5. Thyroglobulin colloid is endocytosed and combined with a lysosome

6 Lysosomal enzymes cleave T4 T3
T4 and T3 from thyroglobulin colloid and hormones diffuse from follicle cell into bloodstream