Part 2

Question 1

Putting out/Domestic/Cottage system

Answer 1

A rich employer ordered manufactured goods made by peasants in their own homes. This employer provided them with the raw materials and the tools, and then collected the production in exchange of a salary.

Question 2

Manufacturing system

Answer 2

Large workshops or primitive factories where numerous craftsmen worked at the same time for their wages, paid by the state or by private individuals. Ex.: Reales fábricas in Spain.

Question 3

Guerra de la Sucesión Española

Answer 3

La Guerra de la Sucesión Española (1700-1714) fue un conflicto internacional, en el que Francia y España se enfrentaron contra el Imperio Alemán (Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico), Gran Bretaña, las Provincias Unidas, Saboya y Portugal. También se convirtión en una guerra civil, ya que Castilla apoyó a Felipe de Anjou, mientras la Corona de Aragón respaldó al Archiduque Carlos, esperando mantener sus leyes tradicionales (fueros).

Question 4

1711

Answer 4

En 1711, el Archiduque Carlos fue proclamado emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y abandonó la guerra, aunque el conflicto continuó en España hasta 1715.

Question 5

Tratados de Utrecht y Rastatt

Answer 5

Finalmente, Felipe de Anjou mantuvo el trono y firmó los Tratados de Utrecht (1713) y Rastatt (1714), mediante los cuales las potencias europeas lo reconocieron como rey de España. A cambio, tuvo renunciar a sus derechos sobre el trono de Francia y ceder los siguientes territorios:
- Países Bajos e Italia a Austria
- Sicilia a Saboya
- Menorca y Gibraltar, además de ventajas comerciales en América, a Gran Bretaña.

Question 6

Decretos de Nueva Planta (1707, 1715, 1717)

Answer 6

Decretos de Nueva Planta: Conjunto de leyes promulgadas por Felipe V tras la Guerra de Sucesión (1701–1714), que abolieron los fueros e instituciones propias de los territorios de la Corona de Aragón (Aragón, Cataluña, Valencia y Baleares) e implantaron un modelo centralista basado en el de Castilla..

Question 7

Republic

Answer 7

A system of government without king in which power belongs to the citizens, who elect their head of State.

Question 8

French Revolution Ideals

Answer 8

1. Enlightenment ideals: rights of the citizens, separation of powers, new social organization (social classes), legal equality, freedom to elect the government…
2. Bourgeoisie, who paid tributes, didn’t have political power.
3. Independence of the USA and its Constitution (1787).
4. British Parliamentary System.

Question 9

Economic Crisis

Answer 9

1. Since 1760, there were poor harvests. That produced an increase in the price of wheat (and bread was the main foodstuff).
2. Manorial rents in crisis due to these poor harvests. The peasants (80% of the population) had to pay more taxes to their lords as a compensation.
3. Financial crisis: The monarchy lacked of money. They wanted the nobles to pay taxes, but they refused. Louis XVI convened Estates-general to approve the tax reform.

Question 10

Immediate Causes

Answer 10

• In May,1789, Estates-General were convened in Versailles. It was chaired by the king and joined by the three estates: nobility, clergy and the Third Estate.
• The Third Estate wanted to have a greater representation and insisted on one vote per representative rather than per estate.
• Clergy and nobility did not accept, so the representative of the Third Estate met in the Jeu Paume pavillion in Versailles and proclaimed themselves National Assembly (representatives of the nation).