diagnostic methods > part 2 > Flashcards

part 2 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

suggested xrays for AC joint

A
  • AP with and without weights
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2
Q

suggested xrays for AC joint

A
  • AP with and without weights
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3
Q

suggested xrays for chest

A
  • PA

- Lateral (full inspiration)

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4
Q

suggested xrays for clavicle

A
  • AP

- Axial (20 deg cephalad)

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5
Q

suggested xrays for humerus

A
  • AP

- Lateral

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6
Q

suggested xrays for ribs

A
  • AP
  • obliques (bilat)
  • upper rib- inspiration
  • lower ribs- expiration
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7
Q

suggested xrays for SC joint

A
  • AP

- obliques (bilat)

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8
Q

suggested xrays for shoulder

A
  • AP
  • Grashey
  • Y-scapular
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9
Q

why would you order a Y scapular view and axial view of shoulder

A
  • scapular Y tells you if shoulder is dislocated

- axial tells you if dislocation is anterior or posterior

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10
Q

suggested xrays for elbow

A
  • AP
  • external oblique
  • lateral
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11
Q

suggested xrays for fingers

A
  • AP
  • oblique of hand
  • lateral of affected finger
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12
Q

suggested xrays for hand

A
  • AP
  • Oblique
  • Lateral
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13
Q

suggested xrays for thumb

A
  • AP
  • Oblique
  • Lateral
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14
Q

suggested xrays for wrist

A
  • AP
  • oblique
  • lateral
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15
Q

nightstick fracture

A
  • defensive wound
  • from direct force on forearm
  • transverse fx
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16
Q

colles fx

A
  • fx of distal radial metaphysis with dorsal angulation and impaction
  • very common
  • from FOOSH
  • extra-articular
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17
Q

metacarpal fxs

A
  • very common
  • 10% of all fx
  • 40% of hand fx
  • result of direct trauma
  • stable fx
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18
Q

suggested xrays for hip

A
  • AP pelvis

- Frog lateral

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19
Q

suggested xrays for ankle

A
  • AP
  • mortise
  • lateral
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20
Q

suggested xrays for femur

A
  • AP

- lateral

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21
Q

suggested xrays for foot

A
  • AP
  • Lateral
  • Oblique
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22
Q

suggested xrays for knee over 40 y/0

A
  • bilat PA weight bearing (at 30 degrees flexion)
  • bilat tunnel
  • bilat sunrise
  • lateral of affected knee
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23
Q

suggested xrays for knee over 40 y/0

A
  • bilat PA weight bearing (at 30 degrees flexion)
  • bilat tunnel
  • bilat sunrise
  • lateral of affected knee
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24
Q

T1

A
  • time it takes for tissue to recover to parallel state
  • aka recovery
  • has short TE and short TR
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25
why would you order a Y scapular view and axial view of shoulder
- scapular Y tells you if shoulder is dislocated | - axial tells you if dislocation is anterior or posterior
26
suggested xrays for elbow
- AP - external oblique - lateral
27
what typically appears white in T1 weighted images
- fat - gadolinium - proteinaceous fluid - melanin
28
suggested xrays for hand
- AP - Oblique - Lateral
29
suggested xrays for thumb
- AP - Oblique - Lateral
30
suggested xrays for wrist
- AP - oblique - lateral
31
nightstick fracture
- defensive wound - from direct force on forearm - transverse fx
32
colles fx
- fx of distal radial metaphysis with dorsal angulation and impaction - very common - from FOOSH - extra-articular
33
metacarpal fxs
- very common - 10% of all fx - 40% of hand fx - result of direct trauma - stable fx
34
suggested xrays for hip
- AP pelvis | - Frog lateral
35
suggested xrays for ankle
- AP - mortise - lateral
36
suggested xrays for femur
- AP | - lateral
37
suggested xrays for food
- AP - Lateral - Oblique
38
suggested xrays for knee under 40 y/o
- AP - Lateral - tunnel - sunrise
39
suggested xrays for knee over 40 y/0
- bilat PA weight bearing (at 30 degrees flexion) - bilat tunnel - bilat sunrise - lateral of affected knee
40
what is considered an adequate film for prostesis
- must see ENTIRE prosthesis to ensure you dont have fx anywhere
41
maisonneuve fx
- combo of sprial fx in proximal fibula with ankle injury in one or more: - widening of ankle joint - deltoid ligament disruption - fx of medial malleolus
42
what else should you evaluate if you see calcaneus fx
- spine for compression fx | - mechanism of injury is usualy due to extreme load to axial skeleton
43
MRI
- uses magnetic field to manipulate electrical activity of H - releases energy in form of radiofrequency signals - not ionizing
44
Hydrogen protons in MRIs
- have positive charge - also have spin which causes electrical current - electrical current prodcues magnetic current - MRI magnet causes protons to align
45
MRI magnet
- coils cause transmitting RF pulses and also receive signal (echo) - RF pulse changes orientation of protons - when pulse turned off protons realign which releases energy
46
T1
- time it takes for tissue to recover to parallel state | - has short TE and short TR
47
TE
echo time
48
TR
repetition time
49
what typically appears white in T1 weighted images
- fat - gadolinium - proteinaceous fluid - melanin
50
T2
- time it takes for tissue to return to perpendicular to magnetic field - short TE and long TR - water is white*
51
what typically appears white in T2 weighted images
- water - fat - edema - inflammation - infection - cysts - hemorrhage
52
gadolinium
- most common IV contrast used in MRI - shorts T1 relaxation time of H - enhances tumors and areas of inflammation
53
imaging planes for MRI
- sagittal - coronal - axial
54
advantages of MRI
- high resolution images in multiple planes - detailed soft tissue characteristics - non-invasive - no known harmful effects
55
disadvantages of MRI
- expensive - 30-45 min scan time - limited by body habitus, pt anxiety, implants, contrast allergies
56
why order MRI
- soft tissue eval primarily - dx occult fx - ligament or articular damage - modality of choice for disc herniation and internal derangement of joints
57
ACL tear etiology
- valgus force to lateral knee - can also be from non-contact jumping, pivoting, deceleration - women > men
58
ACL tear clinical presentation
- mild-moderate pain - large effusion - instability with side to side movement - decreased ROM - protected WB or instability
59
how to dx ACL tear
- lachman test - xrays to rule out fx - MRI - femoral bone bruise often seen
60
quad tendon rupture
- often in heavy set males in 40s- 50s - also seen in young athletes - cannot perform SLR or extend leg - almost always surgically repaired
61
meniscus tear
- medial tear more common than lateral - often with twisting movements - can also be rotational or flexed knee movement - often hears pop - knee locking - use macmurray test
diagnostic methods
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