1
Q
- increased thirst and slightly dry buccal mucous membranes.
- ORS for re-hydration 50mL/kg within 4 hours
- ORS for loose stool losses: 10mL/kg or 150-250 for older children per loose stool
A
mild dehydration
2
Q
- loss of skin turgor
- dry buccal mucous membranes
- sunken eyes and fontanel
- ORS rehydration: 100mL/kg within 4 hrs
- -ORS for loose stool losses: 10mL/kg or 150-250 for older children per loose stool
A
moderate dehydration
3
Q
- signs of moderate dehydration plus one of the following: rapid thready pulse, cyanosis, rapid breathing, lethargy, coma
- IV fluids LR 40mL/kg until pulse and state of consciousness return then 50-100mL/kg or ORS
- -ORS for loose stool losses: 10mL/kg or 150-250 for older children per loose stool
A
severe dehydration
4
Q
What should we assess for in a pt with diarrhea?
A
- amount, color, consistency
- skin integrity
- I&O
- daily weight
- bowel sounds
- hydration and electrolytes
5
Q
What diagnostic data evaluates diarrhea?
A
- stool: culture, pH, RBC, leukocytes, glucose, blood
- breath hydrogen test
- blood test
- radiography
6
Q
Is the BRAT diet recommended for children?
A
no - it is low in protein, energy, and nutritional value
-high in carbs and electrolytes
7
Q
What is the most common type of dehydration in children?
A
isonatremic
8
Q
- reduced intake or excess loss
- rapid reduction in extracellular fluid
- cellular dysfunction
- hypovolemic shock
- death
A
dehydration pathophysiology
9
Q
Why are children at an increased risk for dehydration?
A
- Increased: extracellular fluid, body surface area, metabolism, peristalsis, risk for infection
- immature kidneys, poor compensation acidosis, immature immune system
10
Q
What are the causes of dehydration?
A
- GI tract:V/D, obstruction, malabsorption, NG suction,
- DKA
- tachypnea
- CHF
- burns
- kidney failure
- hemorrhage
11
Q
What are the 3 stages of dehydration?
A
- mild: 5% body weight lost
- moderate: 6-10% lost
- severe: 10% or more
12
Q
- increased thirst
- slightly dry buccal mucous membranes.
- decreased urine output
- watery diarrhea
A
mild dehydration
13
Q
- loss of skin turgor
- dry buccal mucous membranes
- sunken eyes and fontanel
A
moderate dehydration
14
Q
-signs of moderate dehydration plus one of the following: rapid thready pulse, cyanosis, rapid breathing, lethargy, coma
A
severe dehydration
