Where was a woman’s place at the end of the 19th century?
- after the Industrial Revolution women began to work in factories but for middle class women their lives were centred around the home and domestic jobs.
- they had no rights to vote this became an issue that was widely campaigned against.
What was the National Union of Women’s Suffrage (NUWSS)?
Created by Millicent Fawcett they aimed to achieve women’s suffrage through peaceful and legal means.
What was the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)?
Created by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters they were a militant organisation who used violence, went on hunger strike, broke windows and chained themselves to important buildings.
What was the Women’s Freedom League (WFL)?
Made up of members who felt the WSPU was run too tightly by the Pankhurst’s - they were also a ,militant organisation but they were violent.
What was the cat and mouse act?
Women went of hunger strikes to raise awareness of their cause in prison - the government knew they couldn’t have women dying in prison so they released arrested women so they could gain strength before re-arresting them.
What event in the early 20th century changed the campaign for votes for women.
WW1 broke out - all the women decided they would put their cause on hold to help the war effort. They worked in factories, on farms and on the front line as nurses.
How did WW1 change the perspective of women?
The war demonstrated that a women could do any job a man could do and run a home at the same time.
In 1918 the Representation of the People Act was passed any women over 30 could vote, any property owning women over 21 could vote and any man over 21 could vote.
It was a step in the right direction for votes for women.
When did women receive the same voting rights as men?
1928
How did women continue to campaign for equality?
During the 1960s the Women’s Movement campaigned for, equal pay, increased women in higher education, 24 hour child care and free contraception and abortion.
The government responded with the Divorce Reform Act1969, Equal Pay Act 1970 and Sex and Discrimination Act 1975.
What happened on Black Friday 1921?
- mine owners reduced pay and extended working hours.
- the Trade Unions Congress called for other industries to join them on strike. But no one responded.
What happened on Red Friday 1925?
- the price of coal fell again
- mine declared further changes to pay and working hours.
- PM Stanley Baldwin agreed to subsidise the coal industry.
-The Samuel Commission was set up to make an agreement between miners and owners.
Summary of the strike:
- the strike started peaceful but turned violent
- Emergency Powers Act used to control the unions, army took over jobs.
- The TUC organised funds to feed striking families
- After 9 day the TUC ran out of funds the miners had to return to work.
Consequence of the General Strike?
Trade union membership decreased massively as people had no faith they would work.
How many migrants came to Britain in the 1950/60s?
1.4 million
Why were migrants encouraged to come to Britain?
They came to Britain as the government needed workers who would perform low paid low skilled work as there was a shortage of labour after WW2. The government gave interest free loans to immigrant so they could afford the ship fare.
What was life like for the migrants who came to Britain?
Not very good:
- bad living standard
- poor work
- racism was high
- housing issues because landlord wouldn’t rent to black people.
Government Action in the 1960s?
1962 Commonwealth Immigration Act - immigrants had to apply for worker vouchers.
1968 Commonwealth Immigration Act - if you didn’t have family members who were British citizens they couldn’t move to England.
1968 Race Relations Act - the act defines discrimination as treating someone less favourably because of race, ethnic or national origins.
Government Action 1976 - 2010?
1976 Council for Racial Equality - individuals gained the ability to take discrimination complaints to civil courts.
2000 Race Relations Act - It placed duty on the police to promote racial equality.
2010 Equality Act - legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and society.
Who was Enoch Powell and the National Front?
Enoch Powell was a politician who said immigrant posed a threat to the British identity. Many people agreed with Powell’s views the National Front was set up - it was a group who want all non-white immigrants to return to their original country.
Causes of the Brixton Riots?
- Black community felt let down by the police.
- Groups such as the Teddy Boys had caused strain in black communities.
- The National Front were allowed to march through Lewisham.
Events of the Brixton Riots?
The arrest of a young black man on the 10th of April 1981 saw the start of the riots - for three days young black people fought the police and lit fires to vehicles and buildings.
What was the government response to the riots?
Nov. 1981 - The Scarman Report was released it showed the racial prejudice of the Met Police.
1985 - The Independent Police Complaints Authority was set up to handle police complaints properly.
