1
Q
cotton gin
A
- invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. Dramatically reduced amount of time to refine cotton. Fewer slaves, less cost.
2
Q
West Point
A
- A large military post. Considered the most strategic position because of its S-shaped curve. General Benedict Arnold tried to turn the site over to the British Army in 1780 for a bribe.
3
Q
The Louisiana Purchase-
A
a land deal between the US and France. US bought 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for about $15 million.
4
Q
Lewis and Clark
A
Explored and mapped the newly bought lands in the west from the Louisiana Purchase.
5
Q
Aaron Burr
A
- third Vice President, serving during Thomas Jefferson’s first term. Involved in the Senate’s first impeachment trial of Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase. Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
6
Q
War of 1812
A
- War between US and UK from June 1812 to February 1815. US declared for several reasons: trade restrictions brought about by the British War with France, the impressment (capturing) of 10,000 American merchant sailors, British support of the Native American tribes who were fighting European American settlers. Ended when both sides signed the Treaty of Ghent.
7
Q
Missouri Compromise
A
- an agreement passed as a law in 1820 under James Monroe. Its purpose was to settle tensions between pro- and anti-slavery states. Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the northern parts of the Louisiana Purchase.
8
Q
Election of 1824
A
- the only election in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the US Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first election where the popular vote was recorded. Andrew Jackson won more electoral votes, but lost the election, proclaiming the election of John Quincy Adams a corrupt bargain.
9
Q
John Marshall
A
- the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Served for 34 years. Played a large role in the expansion of federal power and in the development in the American legal system.
10
Q
McCulloch v. Maryland
A
- court case that strengthened federal power. States that states cant tax the national bank.
11
Q
Monroe Doctrine
A
- states that Europe cannot interfere with America or developing countries in the western hemisphere.
12
Q
Spoils System
A
- came about during Andrew Jackson’s presidency. Giving priority to friends and supporters for government positions even if they weren’t qualified; made the government more corrupt. Essentially, you could bribe your way in.
13
Q
Nullification
A
- a legal theory that a state has the right to invalidate any federal law that has been deemed unconstitutional.
14
Q
Roger Taney
A
- the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Delivered the majority opinion in the Dredd Scott v. Sandford case that ruled that African Americans, slave or not, could not be considered citizens of the US. Was made chief justice by Jackson.
15
Q
Democratic Party
A
- feared a strong central government, more in favor of state power. Opposed Hamilton’s national bank because it would increase federal power. Emphasized agriculture because Thomas Jefferson was from the South and the South had farmers.
16
Q
Alexis de Tocqueville
A
- a French diplomat, political scientist, and historian. Author of the book Democracy in America. Argued that the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state.
17
Q
Democracy in America
A
- in this book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous seven hundred years.
18
Q
Whig Party
A
- an American political party formed in the 1830’s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. They stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.
19
Q
Erie Canal
A
- connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. Greatly facilitated the transportation of passengers and cargo.
20
Q
Nativism
A
- the policy of protecting the interests of native-born inhabitants against those of immigrants.
21
Q
Railroads
A
- first implemented in 1820’s. Replaced the horse carriage as the main mode of transportation of people and cargo over land.
22
Q
Telegraph
A
- invented by Samuel Morse. An operator could send a telegram to another operator far away.
23
Q
Samuel Morse
A
- inventor of the telegraph and Morse code.
24
Q
Nat Turner
A
- a slave that encouraged other slaves to rebel and kill their masters and their families. Was put in jail and killed.
25
Walt Whitman
- an American poet and journalist. Best known for his realist poetry and political works during the Civil War. His most famous collection of poems, "Leaves of Grass," caused a stir upon its release for its sexual themes.
26
Ralph Waldo Emerson
- An American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.
27
Henry David Thoreau
- An American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, historian. Best known for his essay "Civil Disobedience," an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.
28
Seneca Falls
- the place at which the first women's rights convention was held. Elizabeth Cady Staton read a Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations against women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage.
29
Mormons
- founded by Joseph Smith. Have a strong sense of communality. Believes in a united family that lives and progresses forever.
30
William Lloyd Garrison
- Best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. One of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Became a prominent voice in the woman suffrage movement.
31
Abolitionists
- people who were against slavery and wanted it abolished.
32
Frederick Douglass
- Born a slave and escaped when he was 20. Became a world-renowned anti-slavery activist and one of the most famous intellectuals of his time. Advised presidents and lectured to thousands.
33
Manifest Destiny
- the idea that Americans were destined to move west to get more territory and land.
34
The Alamo
- most famous battle in Texas' fight for independence. Located in the capital city of San Antonio, the fort was viewed by many as key to defeating the Mexican Army, and the defenders chose to stay and fight despite certain death.
35
Mexican War
war between the United States and Mexico (April 1846–February 1848) stemming from the United States’ annexation of Texas in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (U.S. claim).
36
Guadalupe Hidalgo
- the Treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.
37
Gold Rush of 1849
- James Wilson Marshall discovered gold along a river in present-day Sacramento. The news of gold brought 300,000 people to California from the rest of the US and abroad.
38
Republican Party
- they were against the expansion of slavery. Formed after the Kansas-Nebraska act (which allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders). It was a mixture of whig, free soil (oppose slavery expansion), and know-nothing (opposed to immigrants being able to vote or hold political office) parties
39
Dred Scott case
- Scott was a runaway slave who escaped and lived in a free state. The supreme court ruled that he was technically property so he was not free or a citizen of the US. Made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
40
John Brown-
he and 21 of his followers attacked and occupied the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry. He was captured and later hanged. Was an abolitionist.
41
Bleeding Kansas
- A civil war that occurred in Kansas when John Brown killed 5 pro-slavery people. It was significant because it increased the tensions between abolitionists and pro slavery people, and was a big factor leading into the civil war.
42
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. She was a white woman who was against slavery and the book suggested that slavery was bad.
43
Gone With the Wind
- a romantic drama and the only novel written by Margaret Mitchell. The story is set in Jonesboro and Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War and Reconstruction and follows the life of Scarlett O'Hara, the daughter of an Irish immigrant plantation owner.
44
Moby Dick
- a novel written by Herman Melville. Published during the American Renaissance.
